目的 了解铜陵市部分中学生抑郁与焦虑心理状况。方法 采用分层整群抽样方法,分别抽取铜陵市5所学校157名初二学生和199名高二学生作为研究对象,采用抑郁自评量表(SDS)和焦虑自评量表(SAS)调查学生抑郁与焦虑情绪状况。结果 调查356名学生中,男生142人,女生 214人,男女性别比为1∶1.51。抑郁检出率为65.45%、焦虑检出率为29.49%。初二、高二年级学生的抑郁检出率分别为64.33%、66.33%;初二、高二年级学生的焦虑检出率分别为28.66%、30.15%。男女学生抑郁检出率分别为64.08%、66.36%;男女学生焦虑检出率分别为26.06%、31.78%。初二年级男女生抑郁检出率分别为66.67%、62.03%;高二年级中男女生抑郁检出率分别为60.94%、68.89%。初二年级男女生焦虑检出率分别为32.05%、35.32%,而在高二学生中男女生焦虑检出率分别为18.75%、35.56%,差异有统计学意义(χ2= 5.822,P＜0.05)。结论 铜陵市部分初二和高二学生存在焦虑与抑郁心理状况,高二学生中女生焦虑症状比例高于男生,不良情绪可能影响学生的身心健康。
Abstract
Objective To explore the psychological state of depression and anxiety of middle school students in Tongling City,provide theoretical basis for psychological crisis intervention of middle school students. Methods Using stratified cluster sampling method,157 junior high school students and 199 senior high school students from 5 schools in Tongling City were selected as the research objects.The depression and anxiety of students were investigated by SDS and SAS. Results Among the 356 students surveyed,142 were male and 214 were female.The ratio of male to female was 1∶1.51.The rate of depression and anxiety was 65.45% and 29.49%,respectively.The prevalence of depression was 64.33% in grade two of junior middle school and 66.33% in grade two of senior high school,and the prevalence of anxiety was 28.66% and 30.15% in grade two of junior middle school and grade two of senior high school.The depression rate of male and female students was 64.08% and 66.36% respectively,and the anxiety rate of male and female students was 26.06% and 31.78% respectively.The prevalence of depression was 66.67% and 62.03% in grade two of junior middle school,and 60.94% and 68.89% in grade two of senior high school.The detection rates of anxiety in grade two of junior high school were 32.05% and 35.32% respectively,while in grade of senior high school,the detection rates were 18.75% and 35.56% respectively,the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 5.822,P＜0.05). Conclusion In Tongling City,some students in grade two of junior middle school and grade two of senior high school have anxiety and depression.The proportion of female students in grade two of senior high school is higher than that of male students.Bad mood may affect students' physical and mental health.
关键词
心理健康 /
焦虑 /
抑郁 /
中学生
Key words
Mental health /
Anxiety /
Depression /
Middle school students
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] 刘洋,张伟波,葛聪聪,等.2015年上海市初中生焦虑抑郁情绪现状调查[J].中国健康教育,2018,34(4):299-303.
[2] 李唯博,陈倩,叶小舟,等.武汉市高中生学业压力及心理健康状况的调查分析[J].中国社会医学杂志,2017,34(2):153-156.
[3] Nouruzi K,Amiri M.Relationship of High Risk Behaviors and Negative Life Events with Mental Health of Female Students in High Schools[J].Iran J Public Health,2016,45(6): 833-834.
[4] Liu M,Zhang J,Hu E,et al.Combined Patterns Of Physical Activity And Screen-Related Sedentary Behavior Among Chinese Adolescents And Their Correlations With Depression,Anxiety And Self-Injurious Behaviors[J].Psychol Res Behav Manag,2019,12: 1041-1050.
[5] Kovacs M,George CJ.Maladaptive mood repair predicts suicidal behaviors among young adults with depression histories[J].J Affect Disord.2019.doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.091.[Epub ahead of print].
[6] Kim YK,Yu M,Cronley C,et al.Peer victimization,depression,and sexual risk behaviors among high school youth in the United States: a gender-based approach[J].Int J Adolesc Med Health.2019.doi: 10.1515/ijamh-2019-0139.[Epub ahead of print].
[7] ZUNG WW.A self-rating depression scale.Arch Gen Psychiatry,1965,12(1): 63 -70.
[8] 汪向东,王希林,马弘,主编. 心理卫生评定量表手册: 增订版. 北京: 中国心理卫生杂志社,1999: 194-238.
[9] ZUNG WW.A rating instrument for anxiety disorders.Psychosomatics,1971,12(6): 371-379.
[10] 屠春雨,邢超,方益荣,等.绍兴市学生抑郁焦虑症状及其影响因素分析[J].中国学校卫生,2011,32(11):1316-1318.
[11] 张晓娟,刘松涛,李贺斌,等.唐山市区重点高中学生焦虑心理及影响因素[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2014,22(07):1108-1110.
[12] Endler N,Speer R. General self -efficacy and control on relation to anxiety and cognitive performance[J].Current Psychology. Development Learning Personality Social,2000,20(1): 36-40.
[13] 刘秀芬,钱铭怡,黄悦勤,等.重点与普通大学新生的父母养育方式和家庭环境调查分析[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2004,18(8): 541-543.
[14] 卢桂珍,刘建安,陈学彬,等.零陵卫校学生焦虑障碍及其危险因素研究[J].中国学校卫生,2000,22(4):286-287.
[15] 潘毅凡.清华附中高三年级学生焦虑状况抽样调查[J].统计与管理,2016(12):28-30.
[16] 王曼,刘成锋,侯粤虎,等.深圳特区高中学生焦虑、抑郁情绪现状及相关因素分析[J].中国社会医学杂志,2015,32(6):460-462.
[17] 李唯博,陈倩,叶小舟,等.武汉市高中生学业压力及心理健康状况的调查分析[J].中国社会医学杂志,2017,34(2):153-156.
[18] 刘茂航,余雪芹,袁刚,等.重庆市城乡统筹地区中学生心理状况与生活事件相关性研究[J].精神医学杂志,2017,30(3):177-180.
[19] 金忆雯.关于提高高中学生心理健康水平的研究[J].科学咨询(科技·管理),2019,20(08):119.
[20] 解雪.浅议中学生心理健康教育[C].教师教育论坛(第六辑):广西写作学会教学研究专业委员会,2019:123-125.
[21] 陶芳标,郑迎军.青少年自杀行为及其影响因素的研究[J].中国公共卫生,1999,15(3):247-248.
[22] 张洪波,张蕊.大学生酒依赖行为倾向及相关因素研究[J].中国学校卫生,2000,21(2):88-89.
[23] Goodwin RD,Scheckner B,Pena L,et al.A 10-year prospective study of respiratory disease and depression and anxiety in adulthood[J].Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol,2014,113(5): 565-570.
[24] Slomp FM,Bara TS,Picharski GL,et al.Association Of Cigarette Smoking With Anxiety,Depression,And Suicidal Ideation Among Brazilian Adolescents[J].Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat,2019,15: 2799-2808.
PDF(902 KB)
