目的 分析1 550名在校学生结核病筛查结核菌素试验(PPD试验)结果。方法 于2017年9月-2018年1月采取三阶段随机抽样方法,随机抽取分散在鹤壁市内的多所学校,并采用单纯随机抽样方法选择其中的1 550名在校学生进行PPD试验筛查。所有学生均进行PPD试验,分析PPD试验在学生结核病筛查中的作用。结果 经过PPD筛查,1 550名学生中45例学生PPD试验阳性。其中不同民族、不同地域学生的PDD试验阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);但是高中生PPD试验阳性率明显高于初中生及大学生PPD试验阳性率,女性PPD试验阳性率高于男性,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。经过PPD筛查的45例PPD试验阳性学生中一般阳性27例,占比60.00%;中度阳性14例,占比31.11%;强阳性4例,占比8.89%。经胸部X线片及痰涂片+培养诊断45例PPD试验阳性学生中3例为结核病,且均为PPD试验强阳性学生,结核病发生率为0.19%(3/1 550)。结论 对学校内的在校生实施PPD试验筛查是减少学生感染结核病率的有效途径,女性学生、高中生应作为日后结核病筛查的重点人群,学校要强化学生的预防结核病的健康教育并积极采取相应措施,避免出现群体性结核病感染。

Objective To analyze the results of the tuberculin test (PPD test) for tuberculosis screening of 1,550 school students. Methods A three-stage random sampling method was adopted from September 2017 to January 2018, randomly selected a number of schools scattered in Hebi City, and a simple random sampling method was used to select 1,550 students in school for PPD test screening.All the students were given PPD test to analyze the role of PPD test in tuberculosis screening. Results After PPD screening, among 1550 students, 45 students had a positive PPD test.Among them, the positive rate of PDD test among students of different nationalities and different regions was compared, the difference was not statistically significant (P＞0.05).However, the positive rate of PPD test for high school students was significantly higher than that of junior high school students and college students, and the positive rate of PPD test for women was higher than that for men, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Among the 45 students who underwent PPD screening with a positive PPD test, 27 were generally positive, accounting for 60.00%; 14 cases were moderately positive, accounting for 31.11%; 4 cases were strongly positive, accounting for 8.89%.Among the 45 students diagnosed with PPD test positive by chest X-ray film and sputum smear + culture, 3 cases were tuberculosis, and all of them were students with strong positive PPD test.The incidence of tuberculosis was 0.19% (3/1 550). Conclusion The implementation of PPD test screening for school students is an effective way to reduce the rate of tuberculosis infection among students.Female students and high school students should be the key population for tuberculosis screening in the future.Schools should strengthen students’ health education on tuberculosis prevention and actively take corresponding measures to avoid mass tuberculosis infection.