目的 了解马鞍山市重点公共场所基本卫生状况及健康危害因素,为加强公共场所卫生管理和疾病防控提供数据和技术支持。方法 按照《全国公共场所健康危害因素监测方案》要求,依据GB/T 18204-2013《公共场所卫生检验方法》和GB/T 18883-2002《室内空气质量标准》等对马鞍山市主城区6类公共场所进行采样,监测其相关健康危害因素。结果 2019年随机监测马鞍山市主城区公共场所50家,累计监测5 436项次,合格4 565项次,总体合格率为83.66%,不同类别场所监测总体合格率差异有统计学意义(χ²=155.262,P<0.01)。空气质量及公共用品微生物指标合格率分别为89.84%和93.21%,水质检测中公共浴室浴池水余氯超标严重(25.00%)。监测公共场所8类主要健康危害因素,超标率前3位为毛巾pH值(53.01%)、空气PM_2.5(59.86%)及军团菌(61.83%)。结论 2019年马鞍山市主城区公共场所健康危害因素控制比较好,但仍需加强公共用品及设施的卫生监督,尤其是淋浴水及冷却水中军团菌的防控工作。

Objective To understand the basic sanitary conditions and health hazards of key public places in Ma’anshan city,in order to provide data and technical support for strengthening public places sanitation management and disease prevention. Methods According to the requirements of National Health Hazard Monitoring Program for Public Places,in accordance with GB/T 18204-2013 Public Places Hygienic Inspection Methods and GB/T 18883-2002 Indoor Air Quality Standards,6 types of public places in the main urban area of Ma'anshan City were sampled to monitor their relevant health hazards. Results In 2019,50 public places in the main urban area of Ma’anshan City were randomly selected,with a total of 5436 items monitored and 4565 items qualified,and the overall qualified rate was 83.66%.There was statistically significant in the overall qualified rate of different types of places (χ²=155.26,P<0.01).The qualified rates of air quality and microbiological indicators were 89.84% and 93.21%,respectively.In the water quality test,the residual chlorine in the bath water of public bathrooms exceeded the standard seriously (25.00%).8 kinds of main health hazards were monitored in public places,and the top three exceeding rate were 53.01% of towel pH,59.86% of PM_2.5 in the air and 61.83% of Legionella. Conclusion Health hazards in public places in the main urban area of Ma'anshan City in 2019 are well controlled,but it is still necessary to strengthen the monitoring of health hazards in public places including the sanitary supervision of public supplies and facilities,especially the prevention of Legionella in shower water and cooling water.