目的 了解肥西县5岁及以下儿童贫血患病率,探讨贫血发生的影响因素。方法 通过现况调查筛查出5岁及以下儿童贫血人群,采用病例对照研究方法,分析5岁及以下儿童贫血的影响因素。结果 共调查5岁及以下儿童5 093人,5岁及以下儿童贫血检出率为8.33% 。多因素logistic回归分析显示,每周吃肉类食物＞3次(OR=0.110,95% CI:0.084～0.971)和父母或监护人每年接受营养相关健康教育>6次(OR=0.483,95% CI:0.253～0.971)是肥西县5岁及以下儿童贫血的主要保护因素;而有血液性疾病家族史(OR=2.143,95% CI:1.221～7.509)、低出生体重(OR=1.848,95% CI:1.192～4.573)、非纯母乳喂养(OR=2.307,95% CI:1.242～6.852)、最近1年患有腹泻等消化系统疾病(OR=1.919,95% CI:1.184～7.606)、每周喝乳及乳制品＞3次(OR=1.479,95% CI:1.118～4.674)和营养不良(OR=2.692,95% CI:1.524～7.627)是肥西县5岁及以下儿童贫血的主要危险因素。结论 肥西县5岁及以下儿童贫血发生的影响因素主要是遗传和不良饮食行为,改善营养状况、提倡纯母乳喂养和科学饮食行为、加强营养监测是防控5岁及以下儿童贫血的关键措施。
Abstract
Objective To investigate the prevalence of anemia in children aged 5 and under in Feixi County and to explore the influencing factors of anemia. Methods The anemia population of children aged 5 and under was screened through current situation investigation.The influencing factors of anemia in children aged 5 and under were analyzed by case-control study. Results A total of 5 093 children aged 5 and under were investigated.The detection rate of anemia in children aged 5 and under was 8.33%.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that,eating meat food more than 3 times a week (OR = 0.110,95% CI:0.084 ~ 0.971) and parents or guardians receiving nutrition related health education more than 6 times a year (OR = 0.483,95% CI:0.253 ~ 0.971) were the main protective factors of anemia for children aged 5 and under in Feixi County.Family history of blood diseases (OR=2.143,95% CI:1.221～7.509),low birth weight (OR=1.848,95% CI:1.192～4.573),non-exclusive breastfeeding (OR=2.307,95% CI:1.242～6.852),suffered from digestive diseases such as diarrhea in the past year (OR=1.919,95% CI:1.184～7.606),drinking milk and dairy products more than 3 times a week (OR=1.479,95% CI:1.118) ～4.674) and malnutrition (OR=2.692,95% CI:1.524～7.627) were the main risk factors for anemia in children aged 5 years and under in Feixi County. Conclusion The main influencing factors of anemia in children aged 5 and under in Feixi County are heredity and bad dietary behavior.Improving nutritional status,advocating exclusive breastfeeding and scientific dietary behavior,and strengthening nutritional monitoring are the key measures to prevent and control anemia in children aged 5 and under.
关键词
贫血 /
5岁及以下儿童 /
影响因素 /
病例对照研究
Key words
Anemia /
Children younger than 5 years old /
Risk factors /
Case-control study
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基金
浙江省医药卫生科技计划项目(2020PY064);杭州市卫生科技计划项目(0020190783)
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