目的 通过大数据技术支撑,查明重庆市一起公交车内新冠肺炎疫情传播链。方法 采用现场流行病学调查方法,结合病例行动轨迹比对、监控录像分析对病例和密切接触者开展调查,采集呼吸道和粪便标本,采用实时荧光RT-PCR方法检测新型冠状病毒核酸。结果 此次聚集疫情共发现3例病例,其中重症肺炎2例,普通肺炎1例,均治愈。病例1为湖北武汉输入,发病当日与病例2同乘公交车30 min,期间病例1取下口罩10 min,病例2未戴口罩,病例3为病例2共同居住生活的家人。病例1和病例3为呼吸道标本新型冠状病毒核酸阳性,病例2连续4次呼吸道标本新型冠状病毒核酸检测阴性,第4次同时采集粪便标本核酸阳性。结论 新型冠状病毒传播能力强,公交车等密闭空间传播风险高,大数据技术应用在流行病学调查中发挥重要作用,粪便标本是发现新冠病毒感染的另一生物样品。

Objective To find out the transmission chain of COVID-19 epidemic in a bus in Chongqing City with the technical support of big data. Methods Through the field epidemiological investigation method,combined with cases’ activity trail comparison and surveillance video analysis,the cases and close contacts were investigated,respiratory tract and stool specimen were collected,and real-time fluorescent RT-PCR was used to detect novel coronavirus nucleic acid. Results A total of 3 cases were found in the cluster epidemic,including 2 severe pneumonia cases and 1 common pneumonia case,all of which were cured.Case No.1 was an imported case from Wuhan City of Hubei Province,and took the bus with case No.2 for 30 minutes on the day of onset.During this period,case No.1 took off the mask for 10 minutes,case No.2 did not wear the mask,and case No.3 was a family member who lived with case No.2.The respiratory specimens of case No.1 and case No.3 were positive for novel coronavirus nucleic acid.For case No.2,the nucleic acid of novel coronavirus was negative in four consecutive respiratory specimens and positive in the fourth fecal specimen. Conclusion Novel coronavirus has strong transmission ability,and the transmission risk is high in confined spaces,such as bus.The application of big data technology plays an important role in epidemiological investigations.The stool specimen is another biological sample for the discovery of novel coronavirus infection.