新型冠状病毒变异株以及疫苗研究现况

新宇; 赵雪; 柳燕

doi:10.19837/j.cnki.ahyf.2022.01.001

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安徽预防医学杂志 ›› 2022, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (1) : 1-8. DOI: 10.19837/j.cnki.ahyf.2022.01.001

专家约稿

新型冠状病毒变异株以及疫苗研究现况

新宇, 赵雪, 柳燕

作者信息 +

Research status of novel coronavirus variant strains and vaccines

XIN Yu, ZHAO Xue, LIU Yan

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)在世界各地大肆传播,由此感染导致的新型冠状病毒肺炎,其致病性和传播性很强,对全球的公共卫生安全产生了极大威胁。接种新冠疫苗是目前预防新冠病毒感染的最有效途径,针对新冠病毒设计的疫苗类型主要有:灭活疫苗、减毒活疫苗、病毒载体疫苗、重组蛋白疫苗和核酸疫苗等。新冠病毒为了进一步适应宿主细胞,其基因组发生突变,变异株较原始毒株的传播力、致病力增强,目前对于变异株的突变主要关注于S蛋白上的氨基酸位点变异。世界卫生组织(WHO)将变异株划分为“关切变异株(VOC)”和“关注变异株(VOI)”,主要关切变异株包含Alpha (B.1.1.7)变异株、Beta (B.1351)变异株、Gamma(P.1)变异株、Delta(B.1.617.2)变异株以及Omicron(B.1.1.529)变异株。现有疫苗对变异株的免疫效力降低,因此随变异株的出现,需要改变应对策略,如针对变异株进行疫苗研制、提高加强针接种率等。本文将对SARA-CoV-2的概况、变异株以及疫苗研发等进行综述。

Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is spreading widely around the world,causing an infectious disease that is highly pathogenic and transmissible,and poses a great threat to public health safety worldwide.Vaccination is currently the most effective way to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection.The main types of vaccines designed for SARS-CoV-2 are:inactivated vaccines,live attenuated vaccines,viral vector vaccines,recombinant protein vaccines,and nucleic acid vaccines.However,to further adapt to the host cell,the genome of the novel coronavirus was mutated.The mutation of SARS-CoV-2 strains mainly focuses on the amino acid mutation on its S protein,and the transmission and pathogenicity of mutant strains are enhanced compared with wildtype viruses.The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies variant strains as "variant of concern (VOC)" and "variant of interest (VOI)".The main VOC strains include Alpha (B.1.1.7) variant,Beta (B.1351) variant,Gamma (P.1) variant,Delta (B.1.617.2) variant,and Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant.The immune efficacy of existing vaccines against the variants has been reduced.Therefore,with the emergence of the variants,there is a need to change the response strategy,such as developing vaccines against the variants and increasing the booster vaccination rate.In this paper,the general situation,variant strains and vaccine development of SARA-CoV-2 will be reviewed.

导出引用

新宇, 赵雪, 柳燕. 新型冠状病毒变异株以及疫苗研究现况[J]. 安徽预防医学杂志. 2022, 28(1): 1-8 https://doi.org/10.19837/j.cnki.ahyf.2022.01.001

XIN Yu, ZHAO Xue, LIU Yan. Research status of novel coronavirus variant strains and vaccines[J]. Anhui Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2022, 28(1): 1-8 https://doi.org/10.19837/j.cnki.ahyf.2022.01.001

中图分类号： R181.8

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