目的 探讨2017—2021年金寨县学校传染病流行特征,为科学制定学校传染病防治对策和措施提供参考。方法 从“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”中收集2017—2021年金寨县传染病监测数据,分析学校传染病流行特征。结果 金寨县2017—2021年共报告学校传染病26种3 821例,年平均发病率689.84/10万。5年间发病率先上升后下降,2019年发病率最高,2020—2021年发病率低于2017—2019年(χ2=154.30,P＜0.001),其中免疫规划针对传染病发病率下降幅度更为显著(χ2=225.69,P＜0.001)。以呼吸道和肠道类传染病为主,分别占69.56%和29.47%。发病数居前5位的病种依次为水痘、流行性腮腺炎、手足口病、其他感染性腹泻病、流行性感冒。发病高峰为春夏之交和秋冬季。男性发病多于女性,发病数性别比为1.84∶1,发病年龄主要集中在11～15岁,病例数占34.57%。学校类型分布显示报告发病数从高到低依次为小学(1 114例)、托幼机构(989例)、高中(929例)、初中(789例)。5年间共报告8起暴发疫情。结论 金寨县学校传染病以呼吸道和肠道传染病为主,存在季节性高发特征,5年间总体发病水平呈先升后降趋势,应加强学校传染病高发流行季节的监测报告和预防控制工作。
Abstract
Objective To explore the epidemic characteristics of infectious diseases in schools in Jinzhai County from 2017 to 2021,so as to provide reliable reference data for the scientific formulation of countermeasures and measures for the prevention and control of infectious diseases. Methods The infectious disease surveillance data of Jinzhai County from 2017 to 2021 was collected from the "China Disease Prevention and Control Information System" to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of infectious diseases in schools. Results A total of 26 kinds and 3 821 cases of school infectious diseases were reported,with the average reported incidence 689.84/100 000 from 2017 to 2021.The incidence rate increased and then decreased during the 5-year period,with the peak rate in 2019.The incidence rate in 2020 to 2021 was lower than that in 2017 to 2019 (χ2=154.30,P<0.001),with a significant decrease in the incidence of infectious diseases targeted by the immunization program (χ2=225.69,P<0.001).The results showed that respiratory and intestinal infectious diseases were predominant,accounting for 69.56% and 29.47%,respectively.The top 5 infectious diseases were varicella,mumps,hand-foot-mouth disease,other infectious diarrhea and influenza.The first epidemic peak occurred between May and June,and the second occurred between November and the next January.There were more cases in males than in females,with the sex ratio 1.84:1.Moreover,the cases mainly aged 11-15 years old (34.57%).The cases mainly clustered in primary school (1 114 cases),kindergarten (989 cases),high school (929 cases),middle school (789 cases).During the 5 years,8 outbreaks were reported. Conclusion The main infectious diseases in Jinzhai County are respiratory infectious diseases and intestinal infectious diseases,and it shows a seasonal high incidence trend.The overall incidence rate increased and then decreased over a 5-year period.It is necessary to strengthen monitoring report and prevention measures to control school infectious diseases in high prevalence seasons.
关键词
学校传染病 /
流行特征 /
预防接种 /
暴发疫情
Key words
School infectious diseases /
Epidemic characteristics /
Preventive vaccination /
Epidemic outbreak
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