目的 分析居民死因水平,探讨影响金寨县居民健康的主要疾病。方法 根据金寨县2020年死因监测数据分析居民死亡率、标化死亡率、去死因期望寿命、Fulfillment指数及重大慢性病早死概率。结果 2020年金寨县人口呈老年型,居民死亡率为770.53/10万,标化率为586.47/10万。居民前5位死因依次为心脏病、脑血管病、恶性肿瘤、伤害和呼吸系统疾病,去除这些死因后预期寿命分别提高5.64岁、3.77岁、2.42岁、1.29岁和0.65岁。Fulfillment指数提示对金寨县各年龄段人群寿命影响较大的疾病分别是:围生期疾病和先天异常(0岁组),伤害(1～59岁),恶性肿瘤(5~14岁、35～74岁),神经系统疾病(15~24岁),心脏病和脑血管病(≥45岁),呼吸系统疾病(≥75岁)。居民因重大慢性病死亡者占总死亡的86.96%,其中早死者占因慢性病早死总数的94.21%,占居民总死亡的26.50%。四类重大慢性病早死概率为13.76%。结论 心脏病、脑血管病等慢性病是当前疾病防控的重点,但应根据各年龄段人群死亡特征制定有针对性的防控策略。

Objective To analyze the death causes of residents and to explore the main diseases affecting the health of residents in Jinzhai County. Methods Death levels and life expectancy of residents were analyzed by using the Jinzhai County 2020 cause of death surveillance data.The indicators including mortality,standardized mortality,cause-free life expectancy,fulfillment index and the probability of premature death from major chronic diseases were used. Results In 2020,the aging of the population was observed in Jinzhai County.The overall mortality was 770.53/100 000.The standardized mortality was 586.47/100 000.The top five causes of death were heart disease,cerebrovascular disease,malignant tumor,injury and respiratory disease.After removing them,the life expectancy of residents increased by 5.64 years,3.77 years,2.42 years,1.29 years,and 0.65 years,respectively.Fulfillment index showed that perinatal diseases and congenital abnormalities had a greater impact on life span in people aged 0.Injury was the most important factor affecting life span of people aged 1~59.Malignant tumors had a prominent impact on the life span of people aged 5~14 and people aged 35~74.Nervous system diseases had a great influence on the life span of people aged 15~24.Heart disease and cerebrovascular disease had a prominent impact on the life span of people aged above 45.And the respiratory diseases had a prominent impact on the life span of people aged above 75.Of all deaths,the death due to major Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) accounted for 86.96%,of which early death accounted for 94.21% among the total premature deaths of NCDs and 26.50% of all deaths.The probability of premature death of four major chronic diseases was 13.76%. Conclusion NCDs such as heart disease and cerebrovascular disease are the current focus of disease prevention and control.However,targeted prevention and control strategies should be formulated according to the death characteristics of each age group.