目的 分析安庆市2016年1月至2020年12月新生儿先天性甲状腺功能低下(CH)筛查资料,了解新生儿先天性甲状腺功能低下发生情况及转归结果。方法 选取2016—2020年安庆市收集的新生儿,采集其出生72 h后足跟末梢血,采用时间分辨荧光法检测血斑中促甲状腺激素水平(TSH),召回筛查结果阳性者抽取其静脉血检测血清TSH、FT3、FT4水平,以对CH进行确诊。结果 2016—2020年安庆市共有171 613例新生儿活产数,接受新生儿疾病筛查170 313例,接产机构筛查覆盖率逐年呈上升趋势,总筛查率为99.24%(χ²_趋势=502.602,P<0.001)。CH筛查可疑阳性2 597例,CH可疑阳性召回数共2 580例,CH筛查可疑阳性总检出率为1.52%。检出CH患儿119例,CH平均发病率6.99/万,其中男性患儿发病率7.15/万,女性患儿发病率6.80/万。不同年份新生儿CH发病率差异无统计学意义(χ²_趋势=2.136,P=0.144 )。结论 新生儿筛查是新生儿先天性甲状腺功能低下早发现、早治疗的有效方法,对提高全民健康素质,具有重要意义。

Objective To analyze the screening data of neonatal congenital hypothyroidism (CH) in Anqing City from January 2016 to December 2020,and to understand the occurrence and outcome of neonatal congenital hypothyroidism. Methods The level of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in heel peripheral blood of newborns collected at 72 hours after birth in Anqing City from 2016 to 2020 was detected by time-resolved fluorescence method.Then,the venous blood of those with positive screening results was collected to detect the levels of serum TSH,FT3 and FT4,so as to diagnose CH. Results From 2016 to 2020,there were 171 613 live births in Anqing City,and 170 313 cases were screened for neonatal diseases.The screening coverage rate showed an upward trend year by year,and the total screening rate was 99.24% (χ²_trend =502.602,P<0.001).In addition,2 597 suspected positive cases were found in CH screening,and a total of 2 580 suspected positive cases were recalled.The total detection rate of suspected positive cases in CH screening was 1.52%.119 cases of CH were detected,the average incidence rate of CH was 6.99/10 000,and the incidence rate of CH in male and female was 7.15/10 000 and 6.80/10 000.There was no significant difference in incidence rate of CH among neonates in different years (χ²_trend =2.136,P=0.144). Conclusion Neonatal screening is an effective method for early detection and treatment of neonatal congenital hypothyroidism.Therefore,it is of great significance to improve the health quality of the whole people.