目的 分析2016—2020年于都县手足口病(HFMD)流行特征。方法 收集中国疾病预防控制信息系统和病原学监测数据,采用描述性流行病学方法,分析手足口病流行特点和病原学的变化。结果 2016—2020年于都县共报告手足口病病例6 093例,未报告重症、死亡病例,年均报告发病率139.85/10万,不同年份报告发病率呈下降趋势(χ2趋势=1 036.04,P＜0.001);发病时间呈双峰分布,分别在5—7月和9—11月形成两次发病高峰;男性发病高于女性(χ2=509.84,P＜0.001);病例集中在4岁以下儿童,报告5 360例,占87.97%;以散居儿童为主,报告5 005例,占82.14%;病原学标本阳性率为69.75%,其中其他肠道病毒、EV71和CoxA16占比各为71.07%、8.26%和20.66%,2018年后未检出EV71。结论 2016—2020年于都县手足口病发病呈下降趋势,流行特征明显。针对高发季节、重点地区和4岁以下儿童,需加强干预和宣教工作,推广EV71疫苗接种,同时继续做好病原学监测工作。
Abstract
Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD) in Yudu County from 2016 to 2020. Methods By collecting the data from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System and pathogenic surveillance,the epidemiological characteristics and etiological changes of HFMD were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results A total of 6,093 HFMD cases were reported in Yudu County from 2016 to 2020 without severe or fatal cases.The average annual reported incidence of HFMD was 139.85/100,000,and the reported incidence in different years showed a decreasing trend (χ2trend =1036.04,P＜0.001).The onset time showed a bimodal distribution with two peaks in May to July and September to November,respectively.The incidence of the disease was higher in male than in female (χ2=509.84,P＜0.001).Cases were concentrated in children under 4 years old,with 5 360 cases reported,accounting for 87.97%.Of these,diaspora children were the majority,with 5 005 cases reported,accounting for 82.14%.The positive rate of the pathogen specimens was 69.75%,with other enteroviruses,EV71,and CoxA16 accounting for 71.07%,8.26% and 20.66%,respectively.Notably,EV71 pathogen was not detected after 2018. Conclusion The incidence of HFMD in Yudu County from 2016 to 2020 showed a decreasing trend with distinct epidemiological characteristics.In view of the high incidence seasons of HFMD,key areas and the children under 4 years old,it is necessary to strengthen the intervention and the propaganda work,promote EV71 vaccination,and continue to do a good job in pathogenic surveillance.
关键词
手足口病 /
EV71疫苗 /
流行特征
Key words
Hand,foot and mouth disease /
EV71 vaccine /
Epidemic characteristics
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参考文献
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