目的 了解2009—2020年颍东区围产儿出生缺陷发生情况和影响因素,以便制定科学干预措施降低出生缺陷发生风险。方法 依据《淮河流域出生及出生缺陷监测工作规范》,对2009—2020年颍东区围产儿出生缺陷监测资料进行回顾性分析。结果 2009—2020年共监测围产儿88 941人,出生缺陷儿2 092人,出生缺陷年均报告发生率235.21/万,出生缺陷报告发生率总体呈上升趋势(χ²_趋势=14.866,P＜0.001)。主要出生缺陷前7位为脐疝、血管瘤、先天性心脏病、外耳及其他畸形、鞘膜积液、唇腭裂、多指(趾),每年顺位略有不同。出生缺陷的围产儿42 d内死亡率逐年下降(χ²_趋势=19.813,P＜0.001)。母亲年龄＜20岁(RR=1.253,95%CI:1.052~1.493),围产儿出生地在城镇(RR=1.974,95%CI:1.81~2.155),围产儿为男性(RR=1.401,95%CI:1.281~1.531),胎龄＜37 W(RR=2.664,95%CI:1.706~4.162),出生体重＜2 500 g(RR=3.056,95%CI:2.351~3.971),双胎(RR=1.509,95%CI:1.099~2.075)是出生缺陷发生的危险因素。结论 颍东区出生缺陷发生率呈波动性上升,影响因素较多,应广泛开展优生优育知识宣传,加强孕前及孕期保健工作,降低出生缺陷发生率。

Objective To analyze the monitoring results and influencing factors of perinatal birth defects in Yingdong District from 2009 to 2020,so as to formulate scientific intervention measures to reduce the risk of birth defects. Methods The monitoring data of perinatal birth defects in Yingdong District from 2007 to 2020 were retrospectively analyzed according to the Specifications for the Monitoring of Births and Birth Defects in the Huaihe River Basin. Results A total of 88 941 perinatal births and 2 092 birth defects were reported from 2009 to 2020,and the average annual reported incidence of birth defects was 235.21/10,000.The reported incidence of birth defects showed an upward trend (χ²_trend=14.866,P＜0.001).The top seven major birth defects were umbilical hernia,hemangioma,congenital heart disease,external ear and other malformations,hydrocele,cleft lip and palate,and multiple fingers (toes),and the order varies slightly from year to year.The number of deaths within 42 days of birth defects decreased year by year χ²_trend=19.813,P＜0.001).Being＜20 years old of the mothers (RR=1.253,95%CI:1.052~1.493),living in town (RR=1.974,95%CI:1.807~2.155),being male of the perinatal fetus (RR=1.401,95%CI:1.281~1.531),being＜37 weeks of the gestational age (RR=2.664,95%CI:1.706~4.162),being ＜2 500g of birth weight (RR=3.056,95%CI:2.351~3.971),being twin (RR=1.509,95%CI:1.099~2.075) were the risk factors for birth defects. Conclusion The incidence of birth defects in Yingdong District s fluctuating,with many influencing factors.The publicity of prenatal and postnatal care knowledge should be widely carried out,the health care before and during pregnancy should be strengthened,so as to reduce the incidence of birth defects.