目的 分析巢湖市2012—2021年手足口病(Hand-foot-mouth Disease,HFMD)的流行状况和病原变化趋势,为制定预防和控制措施提供参考。方法 采用描述性流行病学分析巢湖市2012—2021年 HFMD发病情况和病原监测的构成情况。结果 2012—2021年巢湖市累计报告HFMD病例12 109例,年均发病率151.05/10万,HFMD年度发病率呈下降趋势 (χ²_趋势=577.199,P＜0.001)。季节发病呈主次双峰,4—7月为主峰,占47.58%,9—11月为次峰,占30.05%。病例集中在≤5岁儿童,占94.35%。职业以散居儿童为主,占64.93%。男女性别比为1.51:1。男性年均发病率(90.83/10万)高于女性(60.23/10万)(χ²=579.034,P＜0.001),城区发病率(223.85/10万)高于乡镇(101.73/10万)(χ²=1 908.546,P＜0.001)。2012—2021年病原构成的顺序为其他肠道病毒占45.59%,Cox A16型占29.50%,EV71型占24.90%,病原型别构成的差异有统计学意义(Fisher确切概率法,P＜0.001)。结论 巢湖市HFMD发病率呈下降趋势,但HFMD流行特征尚未有明显变化,应在每年发病高峰前重点做好≤5岁儿童和城区手足口病的防控工作,同时关注HFMD病原谱和病原变迁规律。

Objective To analyze the epidemic situation and pathogen change trend of hand foot mouth disease (HFMD) in Chaohu City from 2012 to 2021,and to provide reference for formulating prevention and control measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze the incidence and pathogen composition of HFMD in Chaohu City from 2012 to 2021. Results From 2012 to 2021,a total of 12 109 cases of HFMD were reported in Chaohu City,with an average annual incidence rate of 151.05/100 000.The annual incidence rate of HFMD showed a downward trend line (χ²=577.199,P＜0.001).Seasonal onset showed a double peak,with the main peak from April to July,accounting for 47.58%,and the secondary peak from September to November,accounting for 30.05%.Cases were concentrated in children≤5 years old,accounting for 94.35%.The occupation was mainly scattered children,accounting for 64.93%.The ratio of male to female was 1.51:1.The annual average incidence rate of men (90.83/100 000) was higher than that of women (60.23/100 000) ((χ²=579.034,P＜0.001),and the incidence rate of urban areas (223.85/100 000) was higher than that of towns (101.73/100 000) (χ²=1908.546,P<0.001).From 2012 to 2021,the order of pathogen composition was that other enteroviruses accounted for 45.59%,Cox a16 accounted for 29.50%,EV71 accounted for 24.90%,and the difference of pathogen type composition was statistically significant (Fisher exact probability method,P<0.001). Conclusion The incidence rate of HFMD in Chaohu City shows a downward trend,but the epidemic characteristics of HFMD have not changed significantly.The prevention and control of hand,foot and mouth disease in children under 5 years old and in urban areas should be focused on before the peak of the incidence each year,and attention should be paid to the pathogenic spectrum and pathogenic changes of HFMD.