目的 分析黄山市尘肺病的发病特点、变化趋势及社会保障落实情况,为制定尘肺病防治和保障政策提供科学依据。方法 以黄山市1955—2019年底报告的所有尘肺病病例为调查对象,开展随访与回顾性调查,描述性分析尘肺病病例的性别、年龄、工龄、尘肺种类、分期及社会保障情况。结果 共调查163例尘肺病病例,存活41例,死亡122例,以Ⅱ期和Ⅲ期尘肺病为主(69.94%);矽肺占85.89%;男女性别比为39.75:1,诊断时平均年龄为(48.93±9.88)岁,以40~59岁年龄组病例最多(113例,占69.33%),以接尘工龄≥20年病例最多(58例,占35.58%),其次是5~9年(37例,占22.70%);尘肺病病种以矽肺最多(140例,占85.89%)。存活尘肺病病例以40~59岁(25例,占60.97%)和Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期尘肺病(30例,73.1%)为主,其中17例享受工伤保险待遇,5例享受用人单位赔付,17例享受基本医疗保险待遇,4例享受大病保险待遇,38例至少享受其中1项保障措施。结论 黄山市尘肺病以矽肺为主。
Abstract
Objective To analyze the characteristics and changing trend of pneumoconiosis and the implementation of social security in Huangshan City,so as to provide scientific basis for the formulation of prevention and control of pneumoconiosis and security policies. Methods Taking all the pneumoconiosis cases reported in Huangshan City from 1955 to the end of 2019 as the investigation objects,follow-up and retrospective investigation were carried out,and the gender,age,length of service,pneumoconiosis type,stage and social security of pneumoconiosis cases were descriptively analyzed. Results A total of 163 cases of pneumoconiosis were investigated,41 survived and 122 died,mainly with stage II and stage III pneumoconiosis (69.94%).The sex ratio of male to female was 39.75:1 and silicosis was 85.89%.The average age at the time of diagnosis was (48.93±9.88) years old,the age group of 40~59 years had the most cases (113 cases,69.33%).The most cases were dust exposure ≥20 years (58 cases,35.58%),followed by 5~9 years (37 cases,22.70%).Silicosis was the most common type of pneumoconiosis (140 cases,85.89%).The main cases of surviving pneumoconiosis were 40-59 years old (25 cases,60.97%) and stage II and III pneumoconiosis (30 cases,73.1%).Among them,17 cases enjoy work-related injury insurance benefits,5 cases enjoy compensation from employers,17 cases enjoy basic medical insurance benefits,4 cases enjoy critical illness insurance benefits,and 38 cases enjoy at least one of the safeguards. Conclusion Silicosis is the main form of pneumoconiosis in Huangshan City.
关键词
尘肺病 /
随访 /
回顾性调查 /
社会保障
Key words
Pneumoconiosis /
Follow-up /
Retrospective investigation /
Social security
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