目的 了解2014—2021年度云浮市流感病毒的活动水平和流行趋势,为流感防控提供科学依据。方法 通过中国流感监测信息系统采集流感样病例(ILI)监测信息和病原学数据,分析流感流行特征。结果 云浮市3家哨点医院2014年4月—2021年3月累计报告流感样病例172 987例,流感样病例百分比(ILI%)为3.71%。流感样病例主要见于0～4岁和5～14岁儿童及青少年,分别占比59.00%和20.60%;60岁以上人群占比最低(3.07%)。实验室累计检测ILI咽拭子标本22 070份,其中流感病毒阳性1 286份,总体阳性率为5.83%。2020—2021 年度流感病毒检出阳性率显著低于 2014—2020年度流感病毒平均检出率,差异有统计学意义(χ2=218.004,P<0.001)。2014—2015年度主要流行优势株为A(H3N2)和B(Yamagata);2015—2016年度主要流行优势株为A(H1N1)pdm09和B(Yamagata);2016—2017年度主要流行优势株为A(H3N2)和B(Victoria);2017—2018年度主要流行优势株为B(Yamagata)和A(H3N2);2018—2019年度主要流行优势株为A(H1N1)pdm09;2019—2020年度主要流行优势株为B(Victoria)。结论 云浮市每年流感病毒优势株不同,呈不同优势株交替流行的态势。冬春季是云浮市防控流感的重点时期,应加强15岁以下儿童及青少年和60岁以上老人等重点人群的疫苗接种。
Abstract
Objective To analyze the activity level and epidemiological trend of influenza viruses in Yunfu City from 2014 to 2021,and to provide scientific basis for influenza prevention and control. Methods Influenza-like illness (ILI) surveillance information and etiological data from the Chinese Influenza Surveillance Information System were used to analyze influenza epidemiological characteristics. Results The cumulative number of ILI reported by the three sentinel hospitals in Yunfu City from April 2014 to March 2021 was 172 987,and the percentage of influenza like cases (ILI%) was 3.71%.The population distribution of ILI was mainly in children aged 0-4 years and adolescents aged 5-14 years,accounting for 59.00% and 20.60%,respectively.The lowest percentage (3.07%) was in the group of people over 60 years old.Cumulatively,the laboratory tested 22 070 ILI pharyngeal swab specimens,of which 1,286 were positive for influenza virus,with an overall positive rate of 5.83%.The influenza virus positive screening rate in 2020-2021 was significantly lower than the averaged influenza virus screening rate from 2014-2020,with a statistically significant difference (χ2=218.004,P<0.001).The main prevalent dominant strains in 2014-2015 were A (H3N2) and B (Yamagata).The main prevalent dominant strains in 2015-2016 were A (H1N1) pdm09 and B (Yamagata).The main prevalent dominant strains in 2016-2017 were A(H3N2) and B(Victoria).And the main prevalent dominant strains in 2017-2018 were B(Yamagata) and A(H3N2). Conclusion The predominant strain of influenza virus in Yunfu City is different every year,with different predominant strains alternating in the epidemic situation.Winter and spring are the key periods for influenza prevention and control in Yunfu City.Vaccination of key populations such as children and adolescents under 15 years old and elderly people over 60 should be strengthened.
关键词
流感样病例 /
流感监测哨点医院 /
流感病毒 /
流行特征
Key words
Influenza-like cases /
Influenza surveillance sentinel hospital /
Influenza virus /
Epidemiological characteristics
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