目的 分析不同健走行为模式对职业人群体质量指数(BMI)、腰围及相关指标的影响,探讨科学健走有助于健康的理论依据。方法 选择2017—2021年参加安徽省“万步有约”职业人群健走激励干预项目的18~60岁12 493人作为研究对象,采用统一的计步器、身高测试仪及腰围尺测量研究对象的健走行为、身高体重和腰围。应用广义线性模型(GLM)分析健走行为与BMI和腰围的数量关系;应用三分类有序累积logistic回归模型分析健走对超重肥胖及中心性肥胖的影响。结果 5年间共有12 493人完成符合“万步有约”干预项目的健走活动及所有测量,平均年龄为(41.15±9.86)岁,其中男性5 956 人,女性6 537 人。经过100 d的健走干预,研究对象超重或肥胖的比例均有所下降;日均步数每增加1 000步,BMI下降0.23 kg/m²,腰围缩小1.95 cm,发生肥胖的危险性较干预前降低4.20%;集中健走率100%的人群组BMI 较非100%组下降 0.19 kg/m²,腰围缩小0.32 cm,发生肥胖的危险性较非100%组降低38.80%;运动处方完成100%的人群组较非100%组BMI下降0.19 kg/m²,腰围缩小0.26 cm,发生超重和肥胖的危险性分别较非100%组降低16.70%和24.30%;连续万步100 d的人群组BMI 较非100 d组下降0.11 kg/m²,腰围缩小0.37 cm,发生肥胖的危险性较非100 d组降低25.20%。结论 健走干预能够降低职业人群的BMI和腰围,改善超重、肥胖及中心性肥胖,对慢性病预防具有积极作用。

Objective To analyze the effects of different walking interventions on body mass index (BMI),waist circumference of occupational population,and to provide the basis for scientific walking. Methods A total of 12 493 people aged 18 to 60 years old who participated in the Healthy Walking Incentive Program in Anhui Province from 2017 to 2021 were selected as the research subjects.A uniform pedometer,height tester and waist circumference were used to measure the walking behavior,height,weight and waist circumference of the study subject.The quantitative relationship between walking behavior and BMI and waist circumference was analyzed by generalized linear model (GLM).A three categorical ordered cumulative logistic regression model was used to analyze the influence of walking on overweight,obesity and central obesity. Results During the five years,a total of 12 493 subjects completed walking activities in line with the Healthy Walking Incentive Program in Anhui Province and finished all measurements,including 5 956 males and 6 537 females,with a mean age of (41.15± 9.86) years.After 100 days of walking intervention,participants showed reductions in outcomes related to overweight or obesity.BMI and waist circumference decreased by 0.23 kg/m² and 1.95 cm with each increase of 1 000 steps per day,and the risk of developing obesity decreased by 4.20% of that before the intervention.Compared to the intensive walking rate non-100% group,BMI and waist circumference of the group with 100% intensive walking decreased by 0.19 kg/m² and 0.32 cm,and the risk of developing obesity decreased by 38.80%.Compared with the non-100% group,BMI and waist circumference of the group that completed 100% exercise prescription decreased by 0.19 kg/m² and 0.26 cm,and the risk of developing toward overweight and obesity decreased by 16.70% and 24.30%,respectively.The BMI and waist circumference of the continuous ten thousand steps for 100 days group decreased by 0.11 kg/m² and 0.37 cm than those of the ten thousand consecutive steps less than 100 days group,and the risk of developing obesity decreased by 25.20%. Conclusion Walking intervention can reduce BMI and waist circumference of occupational population,improve overweight,obesity and central obesity,and has a positive effect on the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases.