目的 分析2017—2021年安徽省法定传染病流行病学特征,探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎防控措施实施期间法定传染病发病变化情况。方法 通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集2017—2021年安徽省法定传染病报告资料,使用描述性流行病学方法分析其流行病学特征。结果 2017—2021年安徽省法定传染病年均发病率为613.72/10万,年均死亡率为0.69/10万。乙类传染病年均发病率为231.10/10万,发病率呈波动上升趋势(χ²_趋势=1 073.284,P＜0.001);丙类传染病年均发病率为382.62/10万,发病率总体呈下降趋势(χ²_趋势=38 886.191,P＜0.001)。2021年与2020年及2017—2019年均值比较,呼吸道传染病发病数及发病率呈现大幅下降。2021年报告发病率较高的地市为黄山市、宣城市和马鞍山市,报告发病率较高的病种为其他感染性腹泻病、乙型病毒性肝炎和手足口病。2020年暴发疫情报告事件以新冠肺炎为主,占45.61%,2017—2019及2021年暴发疫情以流行性感冒、其他感染性腹泻病和手足口病为主。结论 新冠肺炎疫情常态化防控形势下,2021年安徽省法定传染病发病明显减少,科学佩戴口罩、保持适当社交距离、学校加强健康监测等措施对传染病传播抑制效果较好,为今后传染病防控提供借鉴。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of notifiable diseases in Anhui Province from 2017 to 2021,and to explore the changes in the incidence of notifiable diseases during the implementation of prevention and control measures for COVID-19. Methods The incidence data of notifiable diseases in Anhui Province from 2017 to 2021 was extracted from China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention to conduct a descriptive epidemiological analysis. Results From 2017 to 2021,the average annual incidence of notifiable infectious diseases in Anhui was 613.72/100 000,with an average annual mortality rate of 0.69/100 000.The average annual incidence of class B and C notifiable diseases were 231.10/100 000 and 382.62/100 000,respectively.The incidence of the former showed a fluctuating upward trend (χ²_trend=1 073.284,P<0.001),while the latter showed a general downward trend (χ²_trend=38 886.191,P<0.001).The number and incidence of respiratory infectious diseases decreased significantly in 2021 compared with the average in 2020 and 2017-2019.In 2021,the cities with high incidence were Huangshan,Xuancheng and Ma’anshan.And the diseases with higher reported incidence were other infectious diarrheal diseases,viral hepatitis B and hand,foot and mouth disease.Outbreak reporting events in 2020 were dominated by the COVID-19 (45.61%).Outbreaks in 2017-2019 and 2021 were dominated by influenza,other infectious diarrheal diseases,and hand,foot,and mouth disease. Conclusion Under the normalized prevention and control situation of the COVID-19,the incidence of notifiable infectious diseases in Anhui Province in 2021 is significantly reduced.Measures such as scientific wearing of masks,maintaining appropriate social distance,and strengthening health surveillance in schools are effective in inhibiting the spread of infectious diseases,providing reference for the prevention and control of infectious diseases in the future.