目的 比较农村地区生活饮用水消毒前后微生物指标的变化情况,评价其消毒质量和效果。方法 依据GB 5749—2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》和GB/T 5750.2—2006《生活饮用水标准检验方法水样的采集与保存》,于枯水期和丰水期分别采集2014—2022年上犹县农村乡镇监测点的出厂水和末梢水,检测其微生物数量和消毒剂余量,并对检测结果进行比较和分析。结果 2014—2022年共检测农村生活饮用水1 358份,其中枯水期和丰水期水样分别为680份和678份,使用和未使用消毒剂消毒的水样分别为975份和383份。微生物项目整体指标合格率为66.05％,使用消毒剂消毒的水样整体指标合格率(82.55%)显著高于未使用消毒剂消毒的水样(17.01%)(χ2=53.771,P<0.001)。在采取消毒措施的975份水样中,消毒剂余量达标水样菌落总数、总大肠菌群和耐热大肠菌群的检测合格率均显著大于消毒剂余量不达标水样(P<0.001)。结论 规范的消毒措施能显著降低农村生活饮用水中微生物的数量。水质监管部门应加强对农村生活饮用水的监管力度,在保证生活饮用水消毒剂余量达标的同时,注重丰水期生活饮用水的规范消毒。
Abstract
Objective To compare the changes in microbial indicators of drinking water before and after disinfection in rural areas,and evaluate its disinfection quality and effectiveness. Methods According to GB 5749-2006 Standards for drinking water quality and GB/T 5750.2-2006 Standards examination methods for drinking water-Collection and preservation of water samples.factory water and peripheral water from rural township monitoring points in Shangyou County from 2014 to 2022 were collected during the dry season and the wet season,respectively.The microbial count and disinfectant residue were tested,and the test results were compared and analyzed. Results A total of 1 358 rural drinking water samples were collected from 2014 to 2022,including 608 samples in dry season and 606 samples in wet season,975 samples with disinfectant and 383 samples without disinfectant.The pass rate of the overall index of microbial projects was 66.05%.The pass rate of water samples disinfected with disinfectant was significantly(82.55%) higher than that without disinfectant(17.01%) (χ2=53.771,P<0.001).The qualified rate of total colony,coliform bacteria and heat-resistant coliform bacteria in 975 water samples with disinfectant residues up to standard was significantly higher than that in water samples with disinfectant residues not up to standard (P<0.001). Conclusion Standardized disinfection measures can significantly reduce the number of microorganisms in rural drinking water.The water quality supervision department should strengthen the supervision of rural drinking water,ensuring that the disinfectant residues in drinking water meets the standard,and paying special attention to the standardized disinfection of drinking water during the wet season.
关键词
农村生活饮用水 /
消毒 /
质量分析
Key words
Rural drinking water /
Disinfection /
Quality analysis
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