目的 明确六安市重点职业病危害因素、重点职业病的分布,提出重点防控的职业人群。方法 收集六安市2018—2022年接触重点职业病危害因素劳动者的职业健康检查信息,用率、构成比、均数±标准差和χ2检验进行描述性分析接触重点职业病危害因素劳动者职业健康检查情况、接触重点职业病危害因素专项检查情况和重点职业病发病情况。结果 六安市2018—2022年共有2 013家企业91 413人次接触重点职业病危害因素劳动者进行了职业健康检查,其中噪声作业64 672人次,矽尘作业29 811人次;累计报告新发重点职业病24人,其中矽肺15人,噪声聋5人。接触粉尘劳动者尘肺样改变检出率为0.06%,不同年份之间胸片检查结果构成比差异有统计学意义(χ2=4 199.852,P<0.001)。接触苯劳动者中性粒细胞异常检出率为3.76%,血小板异常检出率为0.59%,白细胞异常检出率为6.56%。接触噪声劳动者双耳高频平均听阈异常检出率为14.89%,不同年份接触噪声劳动者双耳高频听阈异常检出率比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=222.356,P<0.001),且双耳高频平均听阈异常累计检出率随累计年份数的增加呈上升趋势(χ2趋势=149.018,P<0.001)。结论 六安市矽肺和职业性噪声聋需要重点防治,接触重点职业病危害因素的劳动者应列为重点防护的职业人群。
Abstract
Objective To clarify the key occupational hazards and distribution of key occupational diseases in Lu'an,and propose key occupational groups for prevention and control. Methods The occupational health examination information of workers exposed to key occupational hazards from 2018 to 2022 in Lu'an was collected,and descriptive analysis using rates,composition ratios,mean ± standard deviation,and chi-square tests was conducted on the occupational health examination status of workers exposed to key occupational hazards,special inspections of workers exposed to key occupational hazards,and the incidence of key occupational diseases. Results From 2018 to 2022,a total of 91 413 workers from 2 013 companies in Lu'an were exposed to key occupational hazards and underwent occupational health examinations,including 64 672 workers exposed to noise and 29 811 workers exposed to silica dust.A total of 24 new cases of key occupational diseases were reported,including 15 cases of silicosis and 5 cases of noise-induced hearing loss.The detection rate of pneumoconiosis-like changes in chest X-rays among workers exposed to dust was 0.06%,and there was a statistically significant difference in the composition ratio of chest X-ray examination results between different years (χ2=4 199.852,P<0.001).The abnormal detection rate of neutrophils in workers exposed to benzene was 3.76%,the platelet abnormal detection rate was 0.59%,and the white blood cell abnormal detection rate was 6.56%.The detection rate of binaural high-frequency average hearing threshold abnormalities in workers exposed to noise was 14.89%.There was a statistically significant difference in the detection rate of binaural high-frequency hearing threshold abnormalities among workers exposed to noise in different years (χ2=222.356,P<0.001),and the cumulative detection rate of binaural high-frequency average hearing threshold abnormalities shows an upward trend with the increase of accumulated years (χ2trend=149.018,P<0.001). Conclusion Silicosis and noise-induced hearing loss require key prevention and control measures in Lu'an,and workers exposed to key occupational hazards should be identified as key occupational groups for protection.
关键词
重点职业病 /
职业健康检查 /
监测 /
分析 /
风险评估
Key words
Occupational diseases /
Occupational health examination /
Monitoring /
Analysis /
Risk assessment
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