目的 了解广西壮族自治区融安县水痘流行现状及水痘疫苗接种情况,为当地防治水痘提供科学依据。方法 收集2018—2022年融安县水痘病例信息和水痘疫苗接种资料,采用SPSS 20.0软件进行统计分析。结果 2018—2022年融安县共报告水痘2 135例,年均发病率为130.57/10万,各年份发病率呈现先下降后上升的特点,流行呈显双峰模式(5—7月、11月至次年1月)。年龄分布以12岁及以下为主,占81.08%,其中5岁组、6岁组和4岁组居于发病前3位。职业以幼托儿童和学生为主,分别占41.87%和35.41%,各乡镇年均报告发病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=1 583.623,P＜0.001)。1～12岁儿童水痘疫苗第1、第2剂次接种率均呈逐年上升趋势,在报告的1 691例1~12岁水痘病例中,突破性病例481例,占28.44%,突破性病例发病与接种疫苗的平均间隔时间为(3.93±2.18)年。结论 融安县水痘报告发病率较高,应加强水痘疫苗宣传力度,提高接种率,并推广2剂次水痘疫苗接种。
Abstract
Objective To understand the epidemic and vaccination situation of varicella in Rong′an County,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,so as to provide scientific basis for local prevention and treatment of varicella. Methods Data of varicella cases and varicella vaccination during 2018-2022 were collected and analyzed by SPSS 20.0. Results A total of 2 135 cases of varicella were reported in Rong′an county during 2018-2022,with an annual average incidence of 130.57/100 000,and the overall trend in annual incidence was declining first and then increasing.The epidemic characteristic presents the double peak pattern(May to July,November to next January).The age distribution was mainly focused on age group under 12,accounting for 81.08%.Among them,the 5-year-old group,6-year-old group,and 4-year-old group rank in the top three in terms of incidence.The occupational distribution was dominated by kindergarten children and students,accounting for 41.87% and 35.41%,respectively,the annual average incidence among regions was statistically significant(χ2=1 583.623,P＜0.001).Both of the rates of varicella vaccination of the first and second doses in children aged 1-12 showed an increasing trend year by year.Among the 1 691 reported cases of varicella aged 1-12,there were 481 break-through cases with vaccination history,accounted for 28.44%,and the average time interval from varicella vaccination to disease onset time of break-through cases was(3.93±2.18)years. Conclusion The incidence of varicella in Rong′an county is high,we should strengthen the publicity of varicella vaccine,improve the rate of varicella vaccination,and promote the second dose of varicella vaccine.
关键词
水痘 /
流行状况 /
水痘疫苗 /
疫苗接种
Key words
Varicella /
Epidemic characteristic /
Varicella vaccine /
Vaccination
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