目的 分析2013—2022年黔东南州报告法定肠道传染病发病趋势和流行特征,为肠道传染病防控提供数据参考。方法 采用描述性分析方法对2013—2022年黔东南州法定肠道传染病发病情况进行分析,采用χ²趋势检验判断疾病总体发病情况。结果 2013—2022 年黔东南州共报告法定肠道传染病42 790例,年平均报告发病率为120.28/10万,各年间发病率差异有统计学意义(χ²=2 355.372,P<0.001),总体呈下降趋势(χ²_趋势=1 402.325,P<0.001)。报告病例主要以手足口病、其他感染性腹泻病、痢疾为主,共报告病例39 895例,占法定肠道传染病病例报告总数的93.23%。法定肠道传染病发病高峰为3—7月。42 790例病例中,男性26 591例,女性16 199例,性别比为1.64∶1,男女发病率差异有统计学意义(χ²=1 739.735,P<0.001)。各个年龄组均有病例报告,其中0～4岁组报告病例最多,为31 120例,占72.73%;其次是5～9岁组,为2 712例,占6.34%。结论 黔东南州报告法定肠道传染病总体呈下降趋势,夏季为流行高峰,以0～4岁组儿童为主。

Objective To analyze the incidence trend and epidemiological characteristics of statutory reporting intestinal infectious diseases in Qiandongnan Prefecture from 2013 to 2022,providing data reference for prevention and control. Methods Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the incidence of statutory reporting intestinal infectious diseases in Qiandongnan Prefecture from 2013 to 2022,trend Chi- square test was followed to determine the overall incidence trend. Results In total,42 790 cases of statutory reporting intestinal infectious diseases were reported in Qiandongnan Prefecture from 2013 to 2022,average annual incidence was 120.28/100 000,differences in morbidity between years had statistical significance (χ²=2 355.372,P<0.001),suggesting a decline in overall incidence rate (χ²_trend=1 402.325,P<0.001).The reported cases mainly included hand-foot-mouth disease,other infectious diarrhea diseases,and dysentery,with a total of 39 895 reported cases,accounting for 93.23% of the total reported cases of legally stipulated reporting intestinal infectious diseases.The peak period of diseases was from March to July.In 42 790 cases,there were 26 591 males and 16 199 females,with a sex ratio of 1.64∶1.There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence rate between males and females (χ²=1 739.735,P<0.001).Cases reported in all age groups,0-4 age group reporting the most cases,with 31 120 cases accounting for 72.73%,followed by the 5-9 age group with 2 712 cases accounting for 6.34%. Conclusion Qiandongnan Prefecture reported an overall downward trend in legal intestinal infectious diseases,with a peak epidemic in summer,mainly among children in 0-4 age group.