目的 了解乐山市沙湾区结核病流行特征,为制定下一步结核病防控策略提供理论依据。方法 以结核病信息管理系统的数据为基础,采用描述性流行病学研究方法,对2018—2022年沙湾区结核病流行特征进行分析,使用χ²检验和趋势χ²检验进行统计学分析。结果 2018—2022年沙湾区共报告结核病病例263例,年均报告发病率为36.03/10万,总体呈下降趋势(χ²_趋势=4.017,P=0.045)。在报告的263例病例中,男性192例,女性71例,男女性别比为2.70∶1,男性报告发病率(51.52/10万)高于女性(19.87/10万),差异有统计学意义(χ²=50.744, P＜0.001);发病年龄以40～69岁人群为主(155例,占58.94%);职业以农民为主(173例,占65.78%)。结论 沙湾区结核病年度报告发病率总体呈下降趋势,需针对结核病高危人群开展健康教育、监测、治疗和病例报告工作。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis (TB) in Shawan District of Leshan City and to provide a theoretical basis for developing the next tuberculosis prevention and control strategy. Methods Based on the data of TB information management system,descriptive epidemiological research methods were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of TB in Shawan District from 2018 to 2022.Chi-square test and trend Chi-square test were used in statistical analysis. Results A total of 263 TB cases were reported in Shawan District from 2018 to 2022,with an average annual reported incidence of 36.03/100 000.The annual reported incidence showed a decreasing trend (χ²_trend=4.017,P=0.045).Of the 263 cases reported,192 were male and 71 were female,with a sex ratio of 2.70∶1.The reported incidence rate was higher in males (51.52/100 000) than that in females (19.87/100 000,χ²=50.744,P<0.001).The majority of cases were aged 40-69 years (155 cases,58.94%),and the majority were farmers (173 cases,65.78%). Conclusion The annual reported incidence of TB in Shawan District shows a general downward trend.Health education,surveillance,treatment and case reporting should be carried out for high-risk groups of TB.