目的 了解贵州省万山区城乡居民健康素养现状,为开展健康宣教、制定相关卫生健康政策提供依据。方法 采用分层多阶段抽样方法,随机抽取万山区6个乡镇(街道)15～69岁常住居民进行问卷调查,采用SPSS 27.0进行统计学分析。结果 2022年万山区居民健康素养水平为27.6%(113/506),其中城市居民健康素养水平高于农村居民(χ²=16.970,P<0.001);45岁以下高于45岁及以上人群(χ²=68.957,P<0.001);大专/本科及以上高于高中及以下人群(χ²=80.641,P<0.001)。万山区居民3个方面健康素养水平由高到低依次为:基本健康知识和理念(43.3%)、健康生活方式与行为(31.4%)和基本技能(25.1%);6类健康问题素养水平由高到低依次为:科学健康观(64.8%)、安全与急救(62.9%)、慢性病防治(44.9%)、健康信息(40.6%)、基本医疗(29.9%)和传染病防治(21.1%)。结论 万山区居民健康素养水平较低,需要加强基本技能、传染病防治和基本医疗方面的健康宣教。

Objective To understand the current situation of health literacy of urban and rural residents in Wanshan District,Guizhou Province,and provide a basis for carrying out health education and formulating health-related policies. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted based on the population aged 15-69 from 6 towns (streets) in Wanshan District by using a stratified multi-stage sampling method.Statistical analysis was analyzed by SPSS 27.0. Results In 2022,the general health literacy level of the residents in Wanshan District was 27.6% (113/506),whereas the urban residents had a higher level of health literacy than that of the rural residents (χ²=16.970,P<0.001).Moreover,the residents under 45 years old had a higher level of health literacy than that of those aged 45 and above (χ²=68.957,P<0.001).Residents with college/bachelor's degree or above had a higher level of health literacy than that of people with high school or below (χ²=80.641,P<0.001).Three aspects of health literacy of the residents in Wanshan District were basic health knowledge and concepts (43.3%),healthy lifestyle and behavior (31.4%),and basic skills (25.1%),respectively.Six types of health issues were scientific health concept (64.8%),safety and first aid (62.9%),chronic disease prevention and control (44.9%),health information (40.6%),basic medical care (29.9%),and infectious disease prevention and control (21.1%),respectively. Conclusion The health literacy level of the residents in Wanshan District is relatively low.It is necessary to strengthen health education in basic skills,infectious disease prevention and control,and basic medical care.