目的 了解山东省某区城市饮用水中消毒副产物含量,并对其进行健康风险评估。方法 2018—2022年分别在枯水期及丰水期采集山东省某区城市饮用水水样共90份,按照GB/T 5750.10—2006《生活饮用水标准检验方法消毒副产物指标》进行检测;按照GB 5749—2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》进行评价,并采用美国环保署推荐的健康风险模型进行风险评价。结果 2018—2022年山东省某区城市饮用水中消毒副产物合格率为76.67%,超标指标为三卤甲烷和三氯乙醛,超标率分别为23.33%和4.44%;消毒副产物中除氯化氰、二氯甲烷、2,4,6-三氯酚未检出外,其他指标均有不同程度的检出;丰水期三卤甲烷、三氯甲烷、二氯一溴甲烷含量均高于枯水期(P＜0.05);出厂水与末梢水消毒副产物含量差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);某区城市饮用水消毒副产物致癌风险均在1.0×10^-6~1.0×10^-4范围内,部分监测点一氯二溴甲烷和二氯乙酸致癌风险＞1.0×10^-4;各消毒副产物的非致癌风险均＜1.0。结论 山东省某区城市饮用水消毒副产物非致癌风险在可接受范围内,而致癌健康风险应高度重视,尤其一氯二溴甲烷和二氯乙酸是重点风险管理指标。

Objective To understand the content of disinfection by-products in urban drinking water of a district,Shandong Province,and to evaluate their health risk. Methods From 2018 to 2022,a total of 90 water samples of urban drinking water were collected from a district of Shandong Province during dry and abundant water periods,respectively.Disinfection by-products were tested according to GB/T 5750.10-2006 Standard examination method for drinking water-Disinfection by-products parameters.Evaluate in GB 5749-2006 Standards for drinleing water guality the health risk model recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency was used for risk evaluation. Results The qualified rate of disinfection byproducts was 76.67% in a district of Shandong Province from 2018 to 2022.The exceeding indicators were trihalomethanes and trichloroacetaldehyde,with exceeding rates of 23.33% and 4.44%,respectively.Except for cyanogen chloride,methylene chloride and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol,which were not detected,all other disinfection by-product indicators were detected to varying degrees.The contents of trihalomethane,trichloromethane and bromodichloromethane were higher in the abundant water period than those in the dry water period (P<0.05).There was no statistical significance in the contents of disinfection by-products between the effluent water and the final water (P>0.05).The carcinogenic risk of by-products of drinking water disinfection in this area is in the range of 1.0×10^-6-1.0×10^-4.The carcinogenic risk of chlorodibromomethane and dichloroacetic acid at individual monitoring sites was ＞1.0×10^-4.The non-carcinogenic risk of each disinfection by-product was＜1.0. Conclusion The non-carcinogenic risk of disinfection by-products of urban drinking water in a district of Shandong Province is within the acceptable range.However,the carcinogenic risk should be given high priority,especially dichlorodibromomethane and dichloroacetic acid are the key risk management indicators.