目的 分析安徽省寿县2018—2022年法定传染病流行特征和发病趋势,了解和掌握寿县传染病发病主要病种,为科学精准防控提供依据。方法 采用Excel 2007 和 SPSS 25.0 软件对传染病监测报告管理系统中报告的寿县2018—2022年法定传染病发病、死亡情况和流行特征进行描述性分析。结果 寿县2018—2022年共报告法定传染病23种,17 850例,年均发病率369.44/10万,发病率总体呈下降趋势(χ²_趋势=99.689,P＜0.001)。呼吸道传染病病例最多,为6 415例(占35.94%);发病数居前5位的病种依次为乙型肝炎、流行性感冒、肺结核、手足口病和其他感染性腹泻病。发病人群以农民( 占 41.99%) 和散居儿童( 占 23.27%) 为主;男性发病高于女性,不同性别之间年均发病率差异有统计学意义 (χ²=760.761,P<0.001) 。城区居民发病明显高于农村。发病呈现季节性,7—8 月和 12月至次年1 月呈现双发病高峰 。2018—2022年因法定传染病死亡17例,年均死亡率0.35/10万,死亡的主要病种为艾滋病(14例,占82.35%)。结论 乙型肝炎、流行性感冒、肺结核、手足口病、其他感染性腹泻病和艾滋病是寿县近年来主要防控的传染病病种,应采取针对性防控策略和措施,有效预防和控制法定传染病的发生和流行。

Objective The epidemic characteristics and incidence trends of statutory infectious diseases in Shou County,Anhui Province from 2018 to 2022 were analyzed,and the main types of infectious diseases in Shou County were understood and mastered,so as to provide a basis for scientific and precise prevention and control. Methods Using Excel 2007 and SPSS 25.0 software,a descriptive analysis was conducted on the incidence,mortality,and epidemic characteristics of statutory infectious diseases reported in the Infectious Disease Reporting Information Management System in Shou County from 2018 to 2022. Results A total of 17 850 cases of 23 legal infectious diseases were reported in Shou County from 2018 to 2022,with an average annual incidence rate of 369.44/100 000,and the overall incidence rate was on the decline(χ²_trend=99.689,P<0.001).The highest number of cases of respiratory infectious diseases was 6 415 (35.94%).The top five diseases were hepatitis B,influenza,tuberculosis,hand-foot-mouth disease and other infectious diarrhea diseases.Farmers (41.99%) and scattered children (23.27%) were the main cases.The incidence of male was higher than that of female,and there was a statistically significant difference between the two sexes (χ²= 760.761,P<0.001).The incidence of urban residents was significantly higher than that of rural residents,and the incidence of double peak occurred in July and August and December to January of the following year.From 2018 to 2022,there were 17 deaths due to statutory infectious diseases,with an average annual mortality rate of 0.35/100 000.The main cause of death was AIDS (14 cases,82.35%). Conclusion Hepatitis B,influenza,tuberculosis,hand-foot-mouth disease,other infectious diarrheal diseases and AIDS are the major infectious diseases to be prevented and controlled in Shou County in recent years.Targeted prevention and control strategies and measures should be taken to effectively prevent and control the occurrence and prevalence of notifiable infectious diseases.