目的 了解无偿献血者意外抗体阳性率和分布情况。方法 对2022年10月至2023年12月宣城市人民医院接收的2100份合格成分血于临床输注前进行意外抗体的筛查,对筛查结果为阳性的献血者进行红细胞特异性抗体鉴定。结果 共筛查2 100名无偿献血者,其中男性1 271人,占60.52%,女性829人,占39.48%。共检出意外抗体12例,阳性率为0.57%,其中男性意外抗体阳性率为0.16%,低于女性(1.21%)(χ_校正²=7.958,P=0.005),有输血史者意外抗体阳性率为3.92%,高于无输血史者(0.49%)(P_Fisher=0.033)。12例意外抗体阳性者中,特异性抗体11例,分别为抗-E(5例)、抗-M(3例)、抗-c(2例)和抗-Lea(1例);非特异性抗体1例,为冷自身抗体。结论 输血前对无偿献血者进行意外抗体筛查与鉴定具有重要意义,可以减少交叉配血不合的产生,降低受血者的输血风险,保障临床用血安全。

Objective To investigate the positive rate and distribution of unexpected antibody in non-remunerated voluntary blood donors. Methods An accidental antibody screening on 2 100 qualified component blood samples collected by Xuancheng People's Hospital from October 2022 to December 2023 before clinical infusion was performed,and then the red blood cell specific antibodies in blood donors with positive screening results was identified. Results A total of 2 100 non-remunerated voluntary blood donors were screened,including 1 271 males,accounting for 60.52%,and 829 females,accounting for 39.48%.A total of 12 cases of accidental antibodies were detected,with a positive rate of 0.57%.The positive rate of accidental antibodies in males was 0.16%,which was lower than that in females (1.21%) (χ_corrected²=7.958,P=0.005).The positive rate of accidental antibodies in blood donors with a history of blood transfusion was 3.92%,which was higher than that in blood donors without a history of blood transfusion (0.49%) (P_Fisher=0.033 ).Among the 12 cases of accidental antibody positive,11 cases were specific antibodies,including anti-E (5 cases),anti-M (3 cases),anti-c (2 cases) and anti-Lea (1 case).One case of non-specific antibody was cold autoantibody. Conclusion It is of great significance to carry out unexpected antibody screening and identification of voluntary blood donors before blood transfusion,which can reduce cross-matching incompatibility,and the risk of blood transfusion,and ensure the safety of clinical blood use.