目的 了解2018—2022年合肥市瑶海区流行性感冒的流行特征,为流感防控提供数据支持。方法 从中国流感监测信息系统中收集合肥市瑶海区2018—2022年度国家级哨点医院流感样病例(ILI)监测数据、相关的病原学检测结果和流感暴发疫情数据,用描述性流行病学方法分析流感流行特征。结果 2018—2022年合肥市瑶海区哨点医院报告ILI共计31 765例,流感样病例百分比(ILI%)为5.06%,各年度ILI%差异具有统计学意义(χ2=2 560.000,P＜0.001)。共对5 279份ILI标本进行流感病毒核酸检测,阳性检出率为9.70%,其中,2022年度阳性检出率最高(15.40%)(χ2=157.100,P＜0.001);15~24岁人群阳性检出率最高(14.51%)(χ2=50.780,P＜0.001);男性阳性检出率(10.64%)高于女性(8.80%)(χ2=4.871,P=0.020);冬季阳性检出率最高(21.82%)(χ2=335.100,P＜0.001)。流感病毒流行亚型主要有A(H1N1)型(30.47%,156/512)、A(H3N2)型(28.52%,146/512)和B(Victori)型(40.82%,209/512)。共报告ILI暴发疫情56起,其中55起发生在中小学。结论 2018—2022年合肥市瑶海区流感疫情冬春季高发,儿童、青少年为发病重点人群,ILI暴发疫情多发于中小学校和幼托机构,提示学校仍然是疫情防控重点场所,需加强学生疫苗接种及重点场所流感监测。
Abstract
Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics of influenza in Yaohai District of Hefei City from 2018 to 2022,and to provide data support for the prevention and control of influenza. Methods The monitoring data of influenza like illness (ILI),relevant etiological test results and influenza outbreak data of national sentinel hospital in Yaohai District,Hefei City during 2018 to 2022 were collected from the China Influenza Monitoring Information System,and descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemic characteristics of influenza. Results From 2018 to 2022,a total of 31 765 ILI were reported in Yaohai District Sentinel Hospital,and the percentage of ILI (ILI%) was 5.06%.The difference in ILI% between years was statistically significant (χ2=2 560.000,P <0.001).A total of 5 279 ILI specimens were tested for influenza virus nucleic acid,with a positive detection rate of 9.70%.Among which,the positive detection rate in 2022 was the highest (15.40%) (χ2=157.100,P<0.001).And 15-24 years old people had the highest positive detection rate (14.51%) (χ2=50.780,P<0.001).The positive detection rate was higher in males (10.64%) than that in females (8.80%) (χ2=4.871,P=0.020).The highest positive detection rate was observed in winter (21.82%) (χ2=335.100,P<0.001).The main subtypes of influenza viruses were A (H1N1) (30.47%,156/512),A (H3N2) (28.52%,146/512),and B (Victoria) (40.82%,209/512).A total of 56 outbreaks of ILI were reported,with 55 occurring in primary and secondary schools. Conclusion From 2018 to 2022,the influenza epidemic in Yaohai District of Hefei City had a high incidence in winter and spring,and children and adolescents were the key groups.Outbreaks of ILI are more common in primary and secondary schools and childcare institutions,indicating that schools are still key places for epidemic prevention and control.Student vaccination and influenza monitoring in key places should be strengthened.
关键词
流感样病例 /
暴发疫情 /
病原学监测
Key words
Influenza like illness /
Outbreak /
Etiological surveillance
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