目的 分析南昌市中小学在校学生营养基本状况,提出改善建议。方法 2020年在南昌市8个县(区)分层随机整群抽取中小学生3 417人开展营养状况监测,SPSS 21.0软件进行统计分析。结果 南昌市2020年监测中小学在校学生3 417人,超重肥胖率为23.2%,缺乏型营养不良率为7.1%,中心型肥胖率为25.8%,男生超重肥胖率和缺乏型营养不良率均高于女生(χ²=35.582,P＜0.001;χ²=16.155,P＜0.001)。学生年龄越大,缺乏型营养不良率越高(χ²_趋势=11.926,P＜0.001),超重肥胖率(χ²_趋势=35.524,P＜0.001)和中心型肥胖率呈下降趋势(χ²_趋势=11.203,P＜0.001)。小学生超重肥胖率最高,为27.3%,初中生中心型肥胖率最高,为31.1%。结论 南昌市中小学在校学生营养不足与营养过剩现象并存,建议相关部门采取措施,倡导健康生活方式,改善学生营养健康状况。

Objective To analyze the fundamental nutritional health status of primary and secondary school students in Nanchang City,and to propose suggestions for improvement. Methods In 2020,a stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 3 417 primary and secondary school students from 8 counties and districts in Nanchang City for nutritional health status monitoring.SPSS 21.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results In 2020,3 417 primary and secondary school students were monitored in Nanchang City,with an overweight and obesity rate of 23.2%,a deficiency-type malnutrition rate of 7.1%,and a central obesity rate of 25.8%.The rate of overweight and obesity,as well as deficiency malnutrition rate in boys were higher than those in girls (χ²=35.582,P<0.001;χ²=16.155,P<0.001).As students aged,undernutrition rates increased (χ²_trend=11.926,P<0.001),while the rate of overweight and obesity (χ²_trend=35.524,P<0.001) and central obesity decreased (χ²_trend=11.203,P<0.001).The highest rate of overweight and obesity was found among primary school students at 27.3%,and the highest rate of central obesity was noted among junior high school students at 31.1%. Conclusion There is a coexistence of undernutrition and over-nutrition among primary and secondary school students in Nanchang City.Relevant departments are recommended to take measures to promote healthy lifestyles and improve the nutritional health status of students.