目的 了解安徽省职业病发病流行病学特征和趋势,为职业病防治提出应对策略。方法 从职业病及健康危害因素监测信息系统下载2014—2023年安徽省报告新发职业病病例信息,采用描述流行病学方法对3 389例病例基本情况以及不同年度、地区、行业、经济类型和企业规模之间职业病病种分布情况进行分析,采用Jointpoint回归计算报告新发职业病病例年度变化百分比(APC)。结果 2014—2023年安徽省共报告新发职业病病例 3 389例,病例数居前3位的病种分别为职业性尘肺病及其他呼吸系统疾病(2 807例)、职业性耳鼻喉口腔疾病(219例)和职业性化学中毒(156例),分别占82.83%、6.45%和4.60%。从时间分布看,2014—2023年安徽省报告新发职业病病例呈下降趋势,APC为-8.48%(95%CI:-14.11%~-2.37%);从地区分布看,报告新发职业病病例居前3位的地区分别是淮南市(921例)、淮北市(717例)和铜陵市(346例),分别占27.18%、21.16%和10.21%;从行业分布看,报告新发职业病病例主要集中在采矿业(2 221例,占65.53%),其次是制造业(576例,占17.00%);从经济类型分布看,报告新发职业病病例主要集中在内资企业(3 096例,占91.35%),其中病例数居前3位的企业类型分别为国有企业(1 601例)、私营企业(706例)和股份有限公司(618例),分别占47.24%、20.83%和18.24%;从企业规模分布看,报告新发职业病病例主要集中在大型企业(2 123例),其次为中型企业(396例)和小型企业(394例),分别占62.64%、11.68%和11.63%。结论 安徽省职业病报告病例呈下降趋势,尘肺病及其他呼吸系统疾病仍是主要职业病病种,应针对不同行业、经济类型企业制定针对性的防控措施。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and trends of occupational diseases in Anhui Province,and propose response strategies for occupational prevention and control. Methods The information of newly emerging occupational disease cases in Anhui Province from 2014 to 2023 was downloaded from the Occupational Disease and Health Hazard Factors Monitoring Information System.Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the basic situation of 3 389 cases and the distribution of occupational disease types between different years,regions,industries,economic types,and enterprise sizes.Jointpoint regression analysis was used to calculate the annual percentage change (APC) of newly emerging occupational disease cases. Results A total of 3 389 new cases of occupational diseases were reported in Anhui Province from 2014 to 2023.The top three diseases with the highest number of cases were occupational pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases (2 807 cases),occupational ear,nose,throat,and oral diseases (219 cases),and occupational chemical poisoning (156 cases),accounting for 82.83%,6.45%,and 4.60%,respectively.From the perspective of time distribution,the number of newly emerging occupational disease cases in Anhui Province showed a downward trend from 2014 to 2023,with an APC of -8.48% (95% CI:-14.11%~-2.37%).From a regional distribution perspective,the top three areas with newly emerging occupational disease cases were Huainan City (921 cases),Huaibei City (717 cases),and Tongling City (346 cases),accounting for 27.18%,21.16%,and 10.21%,respectively.From the perspective of industry distribution,the newly emerging occupational disease cases were mainly concentrated in the mining industry (2 221 cases),accounting for 65.53%,followed by the manufacturing industry (576 cases),accounting for 17.00%.From the distribution of economic types,the newly emerging occupational disease cases were mainly concentrated in domestic enterprises (3 096 cases),accounting for 91.35%.The top three types of enterprises with the highest number of cases were state-owned enterprises (1 601 cases),private enterprises (706 cases),and joint-stock limited companies (618 cases),accounting for 47.24%,20.83%,and 18.24%,respectively.From the perspective of enterprise size distribution,newly emerging occupational disease cases were mainly concentrated in large enterprises (2 123 cases),followed by medium-sized enterprises (396 cases) and small enterprises (394 cases),accounting for 62.64%,11.68%,and 11.63%,respectively. Conclusion The reported cases of occupational diseases in Anhui Province are showing a downward trend,and pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases are still the main occupational diseases.Targeted prevention and control measures should be formulated for different industries and economic types of enterprises.