目的 了解皖北地区煤矿工人常见慢性病共病模式,旨在为煤矿工人慢性病共病的防治提供科学依据。方法 收集2021—2024年皖北地区14 249名煤矿工人体检数据,分析常见慢性病及其共病患病情况,计算共病的相对风险比(RR)与实际预期比(O/E)。结果 最终纳入14 168名煤矿工人,年龄范围18～60岁,平均年龄为(43.35±7.18)岁,以男性为主,为13 906名(占98.15%)。患血脂异常6 226例(占43.94%)、高血压4 560例(占32.19%)、高尿酸血症2 735例(占19.30%)、糖尿病716例(占5.05%)、慢性阻塞性肺疾病69例(占0.49%),以上患慢性病共病4 541例(占32.05%)。二元和三元共病分别占总共病模式的76.59%和22.35%,合计占总共病模式的98.94%;二元和三元共病检出率最高模式分别为“高血压+血脂异常”(13.07%)和“高血压+高尿酸血症+血脂异常”(6.00%),RR值最高的常见慢性病为高尿酸血症(RR=4.70),O/E值最高的二元和三元共病组合分别为“高尿酸血症+糖尿病”(15.93)和“高尿酸血症+高血压+血脂异常”(135.91)。结论 2021—2024年皖北地区煤矿工人慢性病共病率较高,高尿酸血症的共病风险最大,需针对煤矿工人慢性病共病采取有效的预防和干预措施。

Objective To understand the comorbidity patterns of common chronic diseases among coal miners in northern Anhui Province,so as to provide scientific basis for comorbidity prevention and treatment of chronic diseases among coal miners. Methods The physical examination data of 14 249 coal miners in northern Anhui Province from 2021 to 2024 were collected to analyze the common chronic diseases and comorbidity patterns,and the relative risk ratio (RR) and observed to expected ratio (O/E) of comorbidities were measured. Results A total of 14 168 coal miners were enrolled,ranging in age from 18 to 60 years old,with an average age of (43.35±7.18) years,and the majority of subjects were male (13 906,98.15%).The number and prevalence of dyslipidemia,hypertension,hyperuricemia,diabetes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were 6 226 (43.94%),4 560 (32.19%),2 735 (19.30%),716 (5.05%) and 69 (0.49%),respectively,with 4 541 (32.05%) subjects of chronic disease comorbidities.Binary and ternary comorbidity accounted for 76.59% and 22.35% of the total disease pattern,respectively.The combined prevalence of binary and ternary comorbidity accounted for 98.94% of the total disease pattern.The highest detection rates of binary comorbidity and ternary comorbidity were “hypertension+dyslipidemia” (13.07%) and “hypertension+hyperuricemia+dyslipidemia” (6.00%),respectively.The common chronic disease with the highest RR value was hyperuricemia (RR=4.70),and the combination of binary and ternary comorbidity with the highest O/E value was “hyperuricemia+diabetes” (15.93) and "hyperuricemia+hypertension+dyslipidemia" (135.91),respectively. Conclusion The comorbidity rate of coal miners in northern Anhui Province from 2021 to 2024 is high,and the highest comorbidity risk is hyperglycemia.Effective prevention and intervention measures should be taken for chronic comorbidities among coal miners.