目的 了解常州市钟楼区狂犬病暴露者特征及暴露后预防处置情况,为狂犬病防控工作提供依据。方法 收集2021—2023年钟楼区狂犬病暴露门诊接诊的狂犬病暴露者信息,对狂犬病暴露者的时间分布、地区分布、人群特征、暴露情况、致伤动物以及暴露后预防处置情况等进行分析。结果 共接诊39 935例狂犬病暴露者,平均暴露率为2 004.87/10万,呈波动上升趋势(χ²_趋势=6.129,P=0.013)。暴露者就诊时间主要集中在5—10月。中心城区暴露例数较多,占71.61%。暴露者男女性别比为1∶1.10,20～29岁组暴露者最多,占18.05%。暴露部位以上肢为主,占64.43%,暴露分级为Ⅲ级者最多,占58.58%。致伤动物以犬为主,占48.93%。暴露后第一时间自行处置伤口者占79.70%,暴露后24 h内就诊者占68.30%。所有暴露者中,全程接种狂犬疫苗者占85.34%。23 392例Ⅲ级暴露者中,使用被动免疫制剂者占24.88%。结论 钟楼区狂犬病暴露率较高,居住在中心城区、青年、女性为狂犬病重点防控人群。

Objective To understand the characteristics of individuals exposed to rabies and post-exposure prophylaxis and disposal in Zhonglou District,Changzhou City,and provide a basis for rabies prevention and control. Methods Information on rabies-exposed individuals admitted to the rabies exposure clinic was collected in Zhonglou District from 2021 to 2023,and the time distribution,regional distribution,population characteristics,exposure status,injured animals,and post-exposure prevention and disposal of rabies-exposed individuals were analyzed. Results A total of 39 935 individuals exposed to rabies were treated,with an average exposure rate of 2 004.87/100 000,showing a fluctuating upward trend (χ²_trend=6.129,P=0.013).The main time for patients seeking treatment was from May to October.The number of exposed cases in the central urban area was relatively high,accounting for 71.61%.The gender ratio of exposed individuals was 1∶1.10,with the most exposed individuals in the 20-29 age group,accounting for 18.05%.The upper limbs were the main exposed area,accounting for 64.43%.The most exposed individuals were classified as Grade III,accounting for 58.58%.Injured animals were predominantly dogs at 48.93%.Moreover,79.70% of patients treated their wounds themselves immediately after exposure,and 68.30% sought medical attention within 24 hours.Among all exposed individuals,85.34% were vaccinated against rabies throughout the entire process.Among 23 392 grade III exposed individuals,24.88% used passive immunotherapy. Conclusion The exposure rate of rabies in Zhonglou District is relatively high,and those lived in the central urban area,young people and women are the key populations for rabies prevention and control.