目的 对安徽省钩端螺旋体监测点自然人群和媒介监测结果进行分析,为安徽省钩端螺旋体病(钩体病)防治提供科学依据。方法 用描述性流行病学方法对2014—2023年安徽省钩体病监测点自然人群和媒介监测结果进行分析,采用血清学抗体检测和菌株分离培养探索主要的流行血清群。结果 2014—2023年安徽省钩体监测点共采集自然人群血清3 779份,血清抗体阳性率为4.66%(176/3 779),以黄疸出血群为主,占89.20%(157/176)。共培养鼠肾标本1 687份,鼠带菌率为18.67%(315/1 687),鼠密度为6.61%(2 803 /42 402),带菌指数为7.94%,优势鼠种为黑线姬鼠,占88.58%(2 483 /2 803)。淮河流域自然人群血清抗体阳性率(5.67%,121 /2 135)高于皖南山区(3.35%,55 /1 644)(χ²=11.277,P<0.001);皖南山区人群血清抗体阳性率呈下降趋势(χ${ }_{趋势}^{2}$=10.363,P=0.001);皖南山区自然人群血清抗体阳性率男性(4.12%,31/752)高于女性(2.29%,19 /831)(χ²=4.350,P=0.044);40岁及以上人群血清抗体阳性率(4.21%,48 /1 140)高于39岁及以下人群(2.04%,9/442)(χ²=4.335,P=0.037);淮河流域秋季鼠密度(11.54%,1 099 /9 524)(χ²=12.836,P<0.001)和带菌率(16.47%,97 /589)(χ²=29.168,P<0.001)显著高于春季;皖南山区的鼠带菌率(χ${ }_{趋势}^{2}$=9.645, P=0.002)和带菌指数(χ${ }_{趋势}^{2}$=41.151, P<0.001)呈下降趋势,淮河流域鼠密度呈下降趋势(χ${ }_{趋势}^{2}$=381.119, P<0.001),鼠带菌率呈上升趋势(χ${ }_{趋势}^{2}$=4.419, P=0.036)。结论 安徽省钩体病流行血清群主要为黄疸出血群,钩体病在皖南山区和淮河流域的流行特征有差异,应有针对性地进行预防控制。

Objective To analyze the surveillance results of natural population and vector monitoring of leptospirosis monitoring sites in Anhui Province,and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of leptospirosis. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the results of natural population and vector surveillance at leptospirosis surveillance sites in Anhui Province from 2014 to 2023.The main epidemic serogroups were explored by serological antibody detection and strain isolation and culture. Results From 2014 to 2023,a total of 3 779 serum samples were collected from natural population in Anhui Province.The positive rate of serum antibody was 4.66% (176/3 779),with a predominantly icteric hemorrhagic group of 89.20% (157/176).A total of 1 687 rat kidney specimens were cultured,with a bacterial-carrying rate of 18.67% (315/1 687),a rat density of 6.61% (2 803/42 402),and a bacterial-carrying index of 7.94%.Apodemus agaricus was the dominant species,accounting for 88.58% (2 483/2 803).The positive rate of serum antibody in the natural population of Huai River Basin (5.67%,121 /2135) was higher than that in the mountains of south Anhui Province (3.35%,55 /1 644) (χ²=11.277,P<0.001).The positive rate of serum antibody in the mountainous of south Anhui Province showed a downward trend (χ${ }_{trend}^{2}$=10.363, P=0.001).The serum antibody positive rate of the natural population in the mountainous area of southern Anhui Province was higher in males (4.12%,31 /752) than in females (2.29%,19 /831) (χ²=4.350,P=0.044).The positive rate of serum antibody in people 40 aged and above (4.21%,48/1 140) was higher than that in people aged 39 and below (2.04%,9 /442) (χ²=4.335,P=0.037).The rat density (11.54%,1 099 /9 524) (χ²=12.836,P<0.001) and the bacterial carrier rate (16.47%,97/589) (χ²=29.168,P<0.001) of Huai River Basin in autumn were significantly higher than those in spring.The bacterial carrier rate (χ${ }_{trend}^{2}$=9.645, P=0.002) and bacterial-carrying index (χ${ }_{trend}^{2}$=41.151, P<0.001) in the mountainous of south Anhui Province showed a downward trend, and the rat density of Huai River Basin showed a downward trend (χ${ }_{trend}^{2}$=381.119, P<0.001), the bacterial carrier rate showed an upward trend (χ${ }_{trend}^{2}$=4.419, P=0.036). Conclusion The epidemic serogroup of leptospirosis in Anhui province is mainly the icteric hemorrhagic group.The epidemic characteristics of leptospirosis in the mountains of south Anhui are different with those in the Huai River Basin,so the prevention and control should be targeted.