目的 了解宜春市工作场所职业病危害现状,为制定针对性的职业病防治策略提供科学依据。方法 根据《2023年宜春市工作场所职业病危害因素监测工作方案》的要求,对宜春市16类行业213家企业开展现场调查和职业危害因素监测,使用Excel 2016和SPSS 26.0 软件进行数据处理和统计分析。结果 共监测213家企业,其中小型企业139家(占65.26%),制造业166家(占77.93%)。共监测接害岗位1 670个,超标岗位670个,超标率为40.12%。超标率居前5位的行业分别为:汽车制造业(75.00%)、有色金属矿采选业(54.55%)、非金属矿物制品业(49.48%)、非金属矿采选(46.24%)和金属制品业(35.75%),不同行业岗位超标率差异有统计学意义(χ²=182.460,P<0.001)。超标率居前5位的职业危害因素分别为矽尘(52.06%)、噪声(43.16%)、水泥粉尘(28.57%)、其他粉尘(28.57%)和化学毒物(7.79%),差异有统计学意义(χ²=160.906,P<0.001)。职业病危害项目申报率为75.12%,职业健康检查率为61.03%,接害劳动者培训率为91.57%。结论 宜春市职业病危害因素主要为矽尘、噪声和水泥粉尘,要加强小型企业和微型企业职业卫生监督管理,推动企业职业病危害项目申报、劳动者职业健康检查和职业健康知识培训,提升辖区职业病防治整体水平。

Objective To understand the current situation of occupational hazards in workplaces in Yichun City,and to provide scientific basis for formulating targeted occupational disease prevention and control strategies. Methods According to the requirements of the 2023 Work Plan for Monitoring Occupational Disease Hazards in Workplaces in Yichun City,on-site investigations and occupational hazard factor monitoring were conducted on 213 enterprises in 16 industries in Yichun City.Data processing and statistical analysis were performed using Excel 2016 and SPSS 26.0 software. Results A total of 213 enterprises were monitored,including 139 small enterprises,accounting for 65.26%,and 166 manufacturing enterprises,accounting for 77.93%.A total of 1 670 vulnerable positions were monitored,with 670 positions exceeding the standard,resulting in an exceedance rate of 40.12%.The top five industries with the highest exceedance rates were automobile manufacturing (75.00%),non-ferrous metal mining and beneficiation (54.55%),non-metallic mineral products (49.48%),non-metallic mineral mining and beneficiation (46.24%),and metal products (35.75%).The differences in exceedance rates among different industries was statistically significant (χ²=182.460,P<0.001).The top five occupational hazards with excessive rates were silica dust (52.06%),noise (43.16%),cement dust (28.57%),other dust (28.57%),and chemical toxins (7.79%),with statistically significant differences (χ²=160.906,P<0.001).The declaration rate for occupational disease hazard projects was 75.12%,the occupational health examination rate was 61.03%,and the training rate for affected workers was 91.57%. Conclusion The main occupational hazards in Yichun City are silica dust,noise,and cement dust.It is necessary to strengthen the supervision and management of occupational health in small and micro enterprises,promoting the application of occupational disease hazard projects by enterprises,occupational health examinations for workers,and occupational health knowledge training,and improving the overall level of occupational disease prevention and control in the jurisdiction.