目的 分析湖北省黄冈市发热伴血小板减少综合征(SFTS)的发病及死亡流行病学特征,为SFTS防控提供参考依据。方法 收集2011—2023年黄冈市SFTS数据,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2011—2023年黄冈市10个县(市、区)的109个乡镇共报告2 786例SFTS病例,年均发病率为3.46/10万;累计报告死亡病例84例,年均死亡率为0.10/10万,年均病死率为3.02%。2011—2023年年均发病率呈现先升,后稍回落持平,再持续升高趋势(χ${}_{\mathrm{趋}\mathrm{势}}^{2}$=437.845,P<0.001),而年均死亡率(χ${}_{\mathrm{趋}\mathrm{势}}^{2}$=34.303,P<0.001)和年均病死率(χ${}_{\mathrm{趋}\mathrm{势}}^{2}$=99.389,P<0.001)总体呈下降趋势,但在2017年、2021年有小幅回升。病例集中在黄冈市北部相连的麻城市、红安县、英山县、罗田县4地,病例占比达89.23%(2 486/2 786),涉及的乡镇由2011年的57个乡镇扩大至2023年的80个乡镇。全局空间自相关分析和局部冷热点分析结果显示黄冈市SFTS发病存在一定的时空集聚性。黄冈市发生的3起聚集性疫情可能是处理患者丧葬事宜过程中与患者血液接触或其他密切接触导致感染。结论 黄冈市SFTS发病率呈现上升、扩散趋势,病死率总体呈现下降趋势,发病存在一定的时空聚集性。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the incidence and death of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) in Huanggang of Hubei Province,and to provide reference for the prevention and control of SFTS. Methods The data of SFTS in Huanggang from 2011 to 2023 were collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results From 2011 to 2023,a total of 2 786 SFTS cases were reported from 109 towns in 10 Counties (Cities,Districts) in Huanggang,with an average annual incidence rate of 3.46/100 000.A total of 84 deaths were reported,with an average annual mortality rate of 0.10/100 000 and a fatality rate of 3.02%.The average annual incidence rate from 2011 to 2023 showed an upward trend,followed by a slight decline and leveling off,and then continued to rise (χ${}_{trend}^{2}$ =437.845,P<0.001).While the average annual mortality rate (χ${}_{trend}^{2}$=34.303,P<0.001) and the average annual fatality rate (χ${}_{trend}^{2}$=99.389,P<0.001) showed a downward trend,but there was a small rebound in 2017 and 2021.The cases were concentrated in Macheng City,Hong'an County,Yingshan County and Luotian County,which were connected to the north of Huanggang,accounting for 89.23% (2 486/2 786) of the cases,and the townships involved expanded from 57 townships in 2011 to 80 townships in 2023.The results of global spatial autocorrelation analysis and local hot and cold spot analysis showed that the incidence of SFTS in Huanggang had a certain spatial and temporal clustering.Three clusters of outbreaks in Huanggang were all related to the high possibility of infection caused by blood contact or other close contact with patients in the process of handling patients' funerals. Conclusion The incidence of SFTS in Huanggang showed an increasing and spreading trend,and the fatality rate showed an overall decreasing trend.The incidence of SFTS showed a certain spatial and temporal clustering.