目的 综合分析2024年5月湖北省某地一起发热伴血小板减少综合征(SFTS)聚集性疫情流行病学特征和应急处置情况,为制订SFTS应急处置措施和防控策略提供依据。方法 对本起疫情病例和密切接触者开展流行病学调查和实验室检测。在病例住所周边及医疗机构开展病例搜索,开展病例周边环境蜱监测和健康人群血清学调查。结果 本起疫情首发病例1例,续发病例2例,首发病例和续发病例各死亡1例。流行病学调查分析表明首发病例被蜱叮咬导致感染的可能性大,续发病例中1例由于直接接触首发病例血液导致感染的概率较高,另外1例由于料理首发病例丧事导致感染的可能性大,但不排除野外劳作蜱叮咬感染的可能性。病例搜索未发现其他关联病例。在病例住所周围环境中采集游离蜱66只,寄生蜱2只,鉴定均为长角血蜱且未检出大别班达病毒,其中游离蜱检出巴贝斯虫和立克次氏体。健康人群血清学调查结果显示病例所在村IgM抗体阳性率为3.38%,IgG抗体阳性率为3.95%;病例相邻村IgM抗体阳性率为1.01%,IgG抗体阳性率为2.02%,2村IgM和IgG阳性率无统计学差异。结论 本起疫情为一起SFTS家庭聚集性疫情且患者病死率高,该地有必要加强医疗卫生机构医防协同工作,提高预防控制和诊断救治能力,同时对重点暴露人群开展针对性宣传教育,从而有效控制SFTS的传播,降低病死率。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and emergency response of a cluster of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) in May 2024 in Hubei Province,and to provide a basis for formulating SFTS emergency response as well as prevention and control strategies. Methods Epidemiologic investigations and laboratory tests were conducted in cases and close contacts of this epidemic.Case finding was implemented in surroundings of the cases' residences and medical institutions.Tick vector monitoring in the surrounding environment of cases and serological monitoring of healthy populations were also conducted. Results This epidemic consisted of one initial case and two subsequent cases,with one death in each of the initial and subsequent cases.Epidemiological investigation and analysis indicated that the first case had a high possibility of infection caused by tick bites.Of the subsequent cases,one case had a higher probability of infection due to direct contact with the first case's blood,and the other case had a high possibility of infection due to handling the first case's funeral.However,the possibility of tick bite infection during fieldwork couldn’t be ruled out.No other related cases were found in the case search.A total of 66 free ticks and 2 parasitic ticks were collected from the surrounding environment of the patients' residence,all of which were identified as long horned tick,and no Bandavirus dabieense was detected.Babesia and Rickettsia were detected in the free ticks.The serological monitoring results of healthy populations showed that the positive rate of IgM antibody in the village where the case was located was 3.38%,and the positive rate of IgG antibody was 3.95%.The positive rate of IgM antibody in adjacent villages was 1.01%,and the positive rate of IgG antibody was 2.02%.There were no statistically significant differences in the positive rates of IgM and IgG antibodies between the two villages. Conclusion This epidemic is a family cluster of SFTS with a high mortality rate.It is necessary to strengthen the collaborative work of medical and health institutions in the area to improve the prevention,control,diagnosis and treatment capabilities.At the same time,targeted publicity and education should be carried out for exposed populations to effectively control the spread of SFTS and reduce the mortality rate.