目的 了解宁夏回族自治区(宁夏)疑似职业病网络报告质量,摸清疑似职业病报告卡底数,找出报告质量的风险点,为提高网络报告质量提供依据。方法 采用分层等比例抽样方法在宁夏5个市抽取38家职业健康检查机构,对其在2018年1月1日至2022年12月31日网络报告的疑似职业病开展迟报漏报调查。采用Excel 2019建立数据库,SPSS 22.0进行统计分析。结果 宁夏38家职业健康检查机构2018—2022年共报告疑似职业病880例,迟报318例,迟报率为36.14%;漏报30例,漏报率为3.30%。2018—2022年迟报率分别为2.60%(5/192)、25.83%(31/120)、73.12%(68/93)、34.95%(72/206)、52.79%(142/269),呈上升趋势(χ${}_{\mathrm{趋}\mathrm{势}}^{2}$=41.966,P<0.001);漏报率分别为2.54%(5/192)、3.23%(4/120)、3.13%(3/93)、1.90%(4/206)、4.95%(14/269),差异无统计学意义(P_Fisher=0.395)。地区分布主要以银川市和石嘴山市为主,分别占49.09%(432/880)、32.61%(287/880),迟报率分别为37.73%(163/432)、37.63%(108/287),漏报率分别为2.48%(11/432)、3.37%(10/287)。报告机构分布主要以公立机构和私立机构为主,分别占73.18%(644/880)、26.59%(234/880);迟报率分别为41.15%(265/644)、22.65%(53/234);漏报主要以企业医院和私立机构为主,漏报率分别为100.00%(2/2)和6.77%(17/234)。疑似职业病病种主要以职业性尘肺病和职业性耳鼻喉口腔疾病为主,分别占59.55%(524/880)、32.05%(282/880);迟报率分别为27.48%(144/524)、54.96%(155/282),漏报率分别为3.50%(19/524)、1.74%(5/282)。接尘劳动者胸片结论不一致率为23.79%(285/1 198),体检结论不一致率为28.21%(338/1 198)。接噪劳动者听力结果不一致率为10.78%(143/1 327),体检结论不一致率为50.49%(670/1 327)。结论 宁夏疑似职业病报告迟报率和漏报率较高,需要加快省级信息化平台的建设,加强对职业病健康检查机构的监管力度,稳定职业病网络报告人员队伍,提高疑似职业病网络报告质量。

Objective To understand the quality of suspected occupational diseases online reports in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (Ningxia),to identify the risk points of report quality and provide a basis for improving the quality of online reports. Methods A stratified proportional sampling method was used to select 38 occupational health examination institutions from 5 cities in Ningxia,and a survey of delayed reporting and missed reporting was conducted on their suspected occupational diseases reported online from January 1,2018 to December 31,2022.A database was established by using Excel 2019,and statistical analysis was conducted by using SPSS 22.0. Results From 2018 to 2022,38 occupational health examination institutions in Ningxia reported a total of 880 suspected cases of occupational diseases.There were 318 cases of late reporting,with a late reporting rate of 36.14%.There were 30 cases of underreporting,with an underreporting rate of 3.30%.The delayed reporting rates from 2018 to 2022 were 2.60% (5/192),25.83% (31/120),73.12% (68/93),34.95% (72/206) and 52.79% (142/269),respectively,showed an upward trend (χ${}_{trend}^{2}$=41.966,P<0.001).The underreporting rates from 2018 to 2022 were 2.54% (5/192),3.23% (4/120),3.13% (3/93),1.90% (4/206) and 4.95% (14/269),with no statistically significant difference (P_Fisher=0.395).The regional distribution was mainly dominated by Yinchuan and Shizuishan,accounting for 49.09% (432/880) and 32.61% (287/880),the delayed reporting rates were 37.73% (163/432) and 37.63% (108/287),and the missed reporting rates were 2.48% (11/432) and 3.37% (10/287),respectively.The distribution of reporting institutions was mainly composed of public institutions and private institutions,accounting for 73.18% (644/880) and 26.59% (234/880),the delayed reporting rates were 41.15% (265/644) and 22.65% (53/234).The underreporting was mainly found in enterprise hospitals and private institutions,with underreporting rates of 100.00% (2/2) and 6.77% (17/234).The suspected occupational diseases were mainly occupational pneumoconiosis and occupational ear,nose,throat,and oral diseases,accounting for 59.55% (524/880) and 32.05% (282/880),respectively,the delayed reporting rates were 27.48% (144/524) and 54.96% (155/282),and the missed reporting rates were 3.50% (19/524) and 1.74% (5/282),respectively.The inconsistency rate of chest X-ray conclusions among workers exposed to dust was 23.79% (285/1 198),and the inconsistency rate of physical examination conclusions was 28.21% (338/1 198).The inconsistency rate of hearing results among workers exposed to noise was 10.78% (143/1 327),and the inconsistency rate of physical examination conclusions was 50.49% (670/1 327). Conclusion The delayed and underreporting rates of suspected occupational diseases reports in Ningxia are relatively high.It is necessary to accelerate the construction of provincial-level information platforms,strengthen the supervision of occupational diseases health examination institutions,stabilize the team of occupational diseases network reporting personnel,and improve the quality of network reporting of suspected occupational diseases.