目的 了解2019—2023年河南省焦作市居民伤害死亡的流行特征及变化趋势,为伤害防控工作提供科学依据。方法 伤害死亡数据来源于中国疾病预防控制系统人口死亡登记信息管理系统,选取死亡时间为2019年1月1日至2023年12月31日、户籍地址为焦作市的死亡个案数据,运用Excel 2003和SPSS 27.0进行整理分析,计算伤害死亡率、标化死亡率、构成比等指标,运用Joinpoint Regression 5.2.0.0软件计算年度变化百分比(APC)。结果 2019—2023 年焦作市居民伤害平均死亡率为21.94/10 万(标化死亡率20.25/10万)。男性和女性的伤害平均死亡率分别为30.93/10万和12.62/10万,差异有统计学意义(χ²= 16.215,P<0.001)。2019—2023年焦作市全人群伤害死亡率呈下降趋势(APC=-3.10%,P<0.001),全人群前5位伤害死亡原因分别为运输事故(死亡率10.90/10万)、非故意跌落(死亡率3.63/10万)、自杀(死亡率2.15/10万)、意外中毒(死亡率1.42/10万)和窒息(死亡率0.89/10万),不同性别、不同年龄段居民伤害死亡的首位原因均为运输事故。非故意跌落死亡率以年均8.4%的速度上升(APC=8.37%,P<0.001),运输事故(APC=-5.93%,P<0.001)和意外中毒死亡率呈下降趋势(APC=-16.61%,P<0.001)。结论 焦作市居民意外伤害死亡率呈下降趋势,运输事故是首位伤害死亡原因,非故意跌落是上升最快的伤害死亡原因,不同人群主要死亡原因不同,应依据不同的伤害死亡原因采取针对性的措施预防伤害的发生。

Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics and trends of resident injury deaths in Jiaozuo City,Henan Province from 2019 to 2023,and to provide scientific basis for injury prevention and control. Methods The data of injury death were derived from Chinese Disease Prevention and Control System-Population Death Registration Information Management System.Death cases with death time from January 1,2019 to December 31,2023 and household registration address of Jiaozuo City selected.The injury death rate,standardized mortality rate and component ratio were calculated by Excel 2003 and SPSS 27.0,and annual percentage change (APC) was calculated by using Joinpoint Regression 5.2.0.0 software. Results From 2019 to 2023,the average injury mortality rate of Jiaozuo residents was 21.94/100 000 (standardized mortality rate 20.25/100 000).The average injury mortality rate was 30.93/100 000 for males,and 12.62/100 000 for females,the difference was statistically significant (χ²= 16.215,P<0.001).The injury mortality rate of the whole population of Jiaozuo showed a decreasing trend from 2019 to 2023 (APC=-3.10%,P<0.001).The top 5 causes of injury deaths in the whole population were transportation accident (death rate 10.90/100 000),unintentional fall (death rate 3.63/100 000),suicide (death rate 2.15/100 000),accidental poisoning (death rate 1.42/100 000) and asphyxiation (death rate 0.89/100 000).The leading cause of injury deaths among residents of different genders and different ages was transportation accidents.The death rate of unintentional falls increased at an average annual rate of 8.4% (APC=8.37%,P<0.001),while the death rates of transportation accidents (APC=-5.93%,P<0.001) and accidental poisoning (APC=-16.61%,P<0.001) showed decreasing trend. Conclusion The accidental injury mortality rate of Jiaozuo residents displays a decreasing trend,transportation accident is the first cause of injury death,while unintentional fall is the fastest rising cause of injury death.The main cause of death is different in different groups,and targeted measures should be taken to prevent injury according to different causes of injury death.