目的 了解山东省郯城县2023年中小学生常见病检出率,为制定预防措施提供参考依据。方法 采取分层随机抽样的方法选取郯城县5所中小学共2 150名学生,对其进行体格检查,计算近视、龋齿、营养不良、超重、肥胖和血压偏高检出率。结果 学生常见病检出率从高到低依次为近视(54.70%)、龋齿(57.95%)、血压偏高(25.21%)、营养不良(6.47%)、超重(16.00%)、肥胖(22.23%)。小学生、初中生和高中生近视检出率分别为38.15%、75.00%和82.39%,呈上升趋势(χ${}_{\mathrm{趋}\mathrm{势}}^{2}$=298.457,P<0.001);龋齿和肥胖在小学生中检出率最高,分别为65.14%和27.15%;营养不良、超重和血压偏高在高中生中检出率最高,分别为7.97%、17.94%和29.24%;不同学段学生近视(χ²=331.73,P<0.001)、龋齿(χ²=62.808,P<0.001)、血压偏高(χ²=6.222,P=0.045)、营养不良(χ²=9.944,P=0.007)和肥胖(χ²=18.137,P<0.001)检出率差异均有统计学意义。男生近视、龋齿、血压偏高、营养不良、超重、肥胖检出率分别为49.40%、54.68%、24.70%、6.56%、17.80%、28.19%,女生近视、龋齿、血压偏高、营养不良、超重、肥胖检出率分别为61.07%、61.89%、25.82%、6.35%、13.83%、15.06%,其中男生超重(χ²=6.083,P=0.013)和肥胖(χ²=53.162,P<0.001)检出率高于女生,而女生近视(χ²=29.250,P<0.001)和龋齿(χ²=11.339,P<0.001)检出率高于男生,差异均具有统计学意义。结论 郯城县中小学生常见病检出率较高,相关部门应采取有效措施减少学生常见病的发生。

Objective To understand the detection rate of common diseases among primary and secondary school students in Tancheng County,Shandong Province in 2023,and to provide reference for formulating preventive measures. Methods A stratified random sampling method was used to select 2 150 students from 5 primary and secondary schools in Tancheng County for physical examination.The detection rates of myopia,dental caries,malnutrition,overweight,obesity,and high blood pressure were calculated. Results The detection rates of common diseases among students were 54.70% for myopia,57.95% for dental caries,25.21% for high blood pressure,6.47% for malnutrition,16.00% for overweight,and 22.23% for obesity.The detection rates of myopia in primary school,middle school,and high school students were 38.15%,75.00%,and 82.39%,respectively,showing an upward trend (χ${}_{trend}^{2}$=298.457,P<0.001).Dental caries and obesity had the highest detection rates among primary school students,at 65.14% and 27.15%,respectively.Malnutrition,overweight,and high blood pressure had the highest detection rates among high school students,at 7.97%,17.94%,and 29.24%,respectively.There were statistically significant differences in the detection rates of myopia (χ²=331.73,P<0.001),dental caries (χ²=62.808,P<0.001),high blood pressure (χ²=6.222,P=0.045),malnutrition (χ²=9.944,P=0.007),and obesity (χ²=18.137,P<0.001) among students from different age groups.The detection rates of myopia,dental caries,high blood pressure,malnutrition,overweight,and obesity in male students were 49.40%,54.68%,24.70%,6.56%,17.80%,and 28.19%,respectively.The detection rates of myopia,dental caries,high blood pressure,malnutrition,overweight,and obesity in female students were 61.07%,61.89%,25.82%,6.35%,13.83%,and 15.06%,respectively.Among them,the detection rates of overweight (χ²=6.083,P=0.013) and obesity (χ²=53.162,P<0.001) in male students were higher than those in female students,while the detection rates of myopia (χ²=29.250,P<0.001) and dental caries (χ²=11.339,P<0.001) were higher in female students,and the differences were statistically significant. Conclusion The detection rate of common diseases among primary and secondary school students in Tancheng County is relatively high,and relevant departments should take effective measures to reduce the occurrence of common diseases among students.