目的 分析河南省安阳市西部山区农村集中式供水及地窖水微生物污染情况,为山区农村饮水安全管理提供科学依据。方法 收集2021—2023年安阳市西部山区的生活饮用水微生物指标监测数据,按照《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2006、GB 5749—2022),对集中式供水工程出厂水、末梢水和以地窖为家庭储水方式的地窖水的3项微生物指标(菌落总数、总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群)进行评价分析。结果 2021—2023年共监测集中式供水工程出厂水和末梢水水样各814份,出厂水和末梢水的合格率分别为97.30%(792/814)、96.68%(787/814),差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.337,P=0.562);共监测地窖水水样4 060份,合格率为70.59%(2 866/4 060);集中式供水工程末梢水水样合格率高于地窖水,差异有统计学意义(χ²=244.469,P <0.001)。2021—2023年供水工程末梢水合格率分别为94.44%(255/270)、98.53%(268/272)和97.06%(264/272),差异无统计学意义(χ²=2.867,P=0.238)。2021—2023年地窖水合格率分别为36.73%(494/1 345)、90.66%(1 235/1 360)和83.91%(1 137/1 355),差异有统计学意义(χ²=1 126.486,P<0.001)。4 060份地窖水水样中,耐热大肠菌群合格率最高(88.92%,3 609/4 060),其次是大肠菌群(78.20%,3 175/4 060),菌落总数合格率最低(76.77%,3 114/4 060),差异有统计学意义(χ²=235.702,P<0.001)。结论 山区农村集中式供水微生物指标合格率较高,地窖水微生物指标合格率较低,建议相关部门采取措施保障山区农村居民的饮水安全。

Objective To analyze the situation of microbial contamination of rural centralized water supply and cellar water in the western mountainous area of Anyang,Henan Province,and to provide scientific basis for the management of drinking water safety in mountainous rural areas. Methods The monitoring data of microbial indicators of drinking water in the western mountainous areas of Anyang were collected from 2021 to 2023.According to the Standards for Drinking Water Quality (GB 5749-2006 and GB 5749-2022),three microbial indicators (total number of colonies,total coliforms,heat-resistant coliforms) of factory water,terminal water and cellar water of centralized water supply project were evaluated and analyzed. Results From 2021 to 2023,a total of 1 628 samples of factory water and terminal water from centralized water supply projects were monitored.The qualification rates of factory water and terminal water were 97.30% (792/814) and 96.68% (787/814),respectively,with no statistically significant difference (χ²=0.337,P=0.562).A total of 4 060 cellar water samples were monitored,with a qualification rate of 70.59% (2 866/4 060).The qualification rate of terminal water samples in centralized water supply projects was higher than that of cellar water,and the difference was statistically significant (χ²=244.469,P<0.001).The qualification rates of terminal water in water supply projects from 2021 to 2023 were 94.44% (255/270),98.53% (268/272) and 97.06% (264/272),respectively,with no statistically significant difference (χ²=2.867,P=0.238).The qualification rates of cellar water from 2021 to 2023 were 36.73% (494/1 345),90.66% (1 235/1 360) and 83.91% (1 137/1 355),respectively,with statistically significant difference (χ²=1 126.486,P<0.001).Among the 4 060 cellar water samples,the qualification rate of heat-resistant coliforms was the highest (88.92%,3 609/4 060),followed by coliforms (78.20%,3 175/4 060),and the qualification rate of total bacterial count was the lowest (76.77%,3 114/4 060),with statistically significant difference (χ²=235.702,P<0.001). Conclusion The qualified rate of microbial indicators in centralized water supply in mountainous rural areas is relatively high,while that of cellar water is low.It is recommended that relevant departments take measures to ensure the drinking water safety of residents in mountainous rural areas.