目的 了解2019—2023年昆明市某区城乡生活饮用水水质,为相关部门提供决策依据。方法 按照《生活饮用水标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750—2006)对昆明市某区49个饮用水监测点进行采样和检测,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》对检测结果进行评价,计算合格率,采用SPSS 21.0进行统计学分析。结果 2019—2023年昆明市某区共监测水样437份,合格率为82.61%。2019—2023年水样合格率分别为78.46%、81.25%、78.64%、91.21%和82.65%,差异无统计学意义(χ²=6.695,P=0.153)。出厂水和末梢水合格率分别为70.59%、84.46%,差异有统计学意义(χ²=6.094,P=0.014);枯水期和丰水期水样合格率分别为82.63%、82.59%,差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.000,P=0.991);城市水和农村水合格率分别为96.65%、20.25%,差异有统计学意义(χ²=265.675,P<0.001)。不合格项目中前3位指标分别为总大肠菌群、大肠埃希氏菌和菌落总数。结论 昆明市某区城区生活饮用水水质好于农村地区,微生物指标合格率低,应加强农村饮用水卫生监督监测,确保饮水安全。

Objective To understand the water quality of urban and rural drinking water in a district of Kunming from 2019 to 2023,and to provide decision-making basis for relevant departments. Methods Sampling and testing were conducted on 49 drinking water monitoring points in a certain district of Kunming according to the Standard Examination Methods for Drinking Water (GB/T 5750-2006).The test results were evaluated based on the Standards for Drinking Water Quality,and the qualified rate was calculated.Statistical analysis was conducted by using SPSS 21.0. Results From 2019 to 2023,a total of 437 water samples were monitored in a district of Kunming,with a qualified rate of 82.61%.The qualified rates of water samples from 2019 to 2023 were 78.46%,81.25%,78.64%,91.21% and 82.65%,respectively,with no statistically significant difference (χ²=6.695,P=0.153).The qualified rates of factory water and terminal water were 70.59% and 84.46%,respectively,with statistically significant difference (χ²=6.094,P=0.014).The qualified rates of water samples during the dry season and wet season were 82.63% and 82.59%,respectively,with no statistically significant difference (χ²=0.000,P=0.991).The qualified rates of urban water and rural water were 96.65% and 20.25%,respectively,with statistically significant difference (χ²=265.675,P<0.001).The top three indicators in the unqualified items were total coliforms,Escherichia coli,and total bacterial count. Conclusion The quality of drinking water in urban areas of a certain district in Kunming is better than that in rural areas,with low qualified rate of microbial indicators.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the supervision and monitoring of rural drinking water quality to ensure the safety of drinking water.