目的 分析福建省安溪县2010—2023年水痘流行特征,为水痘疫情防控提供依据。方法 采用描述性流行病学方法对安溪县2010—2023年水痘报告病例资料进行统计分析。结果 安溪县2010—2023年报告水痘病例3 204例,年均报告发病率为19.40/10万,无重症及死亡病例,无突发公共卫生事件报告;2015年报告发病率最低(6.16/10万),2021年报告发病率最高(44.40/10万),发病率存在趋势性差异(${X}_{趋势}^{2}$=647.388,P<0.001),其中2010—2021年呈逐年递增趋势(${X}_{趋势}^{2}$=758.654,P<0.001),2021—2023年呈逐年递降趋势(${X}_{趋势}^{2}$=92.377,P<0.001)。从时间分布看,水痘发病高峰在每年的5—7月(945例,占29.49%)和11月至次年1月(1 309例,占40.86%)。从地区分布看,水痘报告病例主要集中在中心城区的城厢镇(666例,占20.79%)和凤城镇(530例,占16.54%)。从性别分布看,水痘报告病例以男性为主(1 881例,占58.71%),男女报告病例数之比为1.42∶1,男性发病率(21.20/10万)高于女性(17.13/10万),差异有统计学意义(χ²=35.293,P<0.001)。从年龄分布看,水痘报告病例数居前3位的年龄段分别是5~9岁(936例)、0~4岁(569例)和10~14岁(551例),分别占总报告病例数的29.21%、17.76%和17.20%。职业分布以学生为主(1 378例),占总报告病例数的43.01%。结论 安溪县水痘呈双峰分布,学生人群高发,应提高重点人群水痘疫苗全程接种覆盖率,并加强水痘症状监测。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Anxi County,Fujian Province from 2010 to 2023,thus to provide basis for prevention and control of varicella outbreaks. Methods The data of reported varicella cases in Anxi County from 2010 to 2023 were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological approach. Results There were 3 204 reported cases of varicella in Anxi County from 2010 to 2023,with an annual reporting incidence rate of 19.40/100 000.No severe cases or deaths were reported,and no public health emergencies were reported.The lowest incidence rate was reported in 2015 (6.16/100 000),and the highest incidence rate was reported in 2021 (44.40/100 000).There was a trend difference in the incidence rate (${X}_{trend}^{2}$=647.388,P<0.001),with an increasing trend from 2010 to 2021 (${X}_{trend}^{2}$=758.654,P<0.001) and a decreasing trend from 2021 to 2023 (${X}_{trend}^{2}$=92.377,P<0.001).From a temporal distribution perspective,the peak incidence occurred in May-July of every year (29.49%,945 cases) and November to January of the following year (40.86%,1 309 cases).From a regional perspective,the reported cases were mainly in Chengxiang Town (666 cases,20.79%) and Fengcheng Town (530 cases,16.54%) of the central urban area.From the gender distribution perspective,the reported cases of varicella were predominantly male (1 881 cases,58.71%),the ratio of male to female cases was 1.42∶1,and the overall incidence rate of male (21.20/100 000) was higher than that of female (17.13/100 000),the difference was statistically significant (χ²=35.293,P<0.001).From the age distribution perspective,the top three age groups with the highest number of varicella cases were 5-9 years old (936 cases),0-4 years old (569 cases),and 10-14 years old (551 cases),respectively,accounting for 29.21%,17.76% and 17.20% of the total reported cases.The occupation distribution was predominantly in students (1 378 cases),accounting for 43.01% of the total reported cases. Conclusion The varicella outbreak in Anxi County exhibits a bimodal distribution,with high incidence in students.The coverage rate of varicella vaccination for key populations should be increased,and active surveillance for varicella should be strengthened.