目的 分析一起学校甲型流感暴发疫情的流行病学特征,为学校传染病的日常防控和暴发处置提供参考。方法 主动搜索收集病例资料信息,采集部分病例咽拭子标本进行实验室检测,整理数据并采用SPSS 26.0软件进行数据分析。结果 这起学校疫情共发现54例流感样病例,罹患率6.80%。其中学生病例52例,罹患率7.04%;教师病例2例,罹患率3.64%;师生罹患率差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.474,P=0.491);各年级间罹患率差异有统计学意义(χ²=121.431,P<0.001)。54例流感样病例中,男性28例,罹患率为7.04%(28/398),女性26例,罹患率为6.57%(26/396),男女罹患率差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.069,P=0.793);因病缺课登记32例,占59.26%,晨午检筛查22例,占40.74%。共采集咽拭子标本14份,其中10份为甲型H1N1核酸阳性,占71.43%。结论 这是一起由甲型H1N1流感病毒引起的暴发疫情。规范开展因病缺课追踪与晨午检工作,早发现、早报告、早处置是学校传染病防控工作的关键。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of an influenza A outbreak in a school,providing reference for the daily prevention and control of infectious diseases in schools and the management of outbreaks. Methods Case data information was actively searched and collected,throat swab samples of some cases were collected for laboratory testing,data were collated and SPSS 26.0 software was applied for data analysis. Results A total of 54 influenza like cases were found in the school outbreak,with an attack rate of 6.80%.There were 52 student cases,with an attack rate of 7.04%,and 2 teacher cases,with an attack rate of 3.64%.There was no significant difference in the attack rate between teachers and students (χ²=0.474,P=0.491).The attack rate among different grades was not the same,and the difference was statistically significant (χ²=121.431,P<0.001).Among 54 influenza like cases,there were 28 male cases with an attack rate of 7.04% (28/398) and 26 female cases with an attack rate of 6.57% (26/396).There was no statistically significant difference in the attack rate between males and females (χ²=0.069,P=0.793).Among the 54 cases of influenza,32 cases (59.26%) were registered as missing classes due to illness,and 22 cases (40.74%) were screened in the morning and afternoon.A total of 14 throat swab specimens were collected,among which 10 (71.43%) tested positive for H1N1 nucleic acid. Conclusion This is an outbreak caused by the H1N1 influenza virus.The key to the prevention and control of school infectious diseases is to standardize the tracking of school absences due to illness,morning and afternoon examination,as well as early detection,early reporting and early disposal.