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安徽省2020—2024年肺结核报告发病情况
张习习, 任珂, 陈欣, 陈仙萍, 李彦妮, 孙莹, 张根友, 梁路, 忽文俊, 李玲, 吴家兵, 徐庆华, 鲍方进
安徽预防医学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (4) : 287-291.
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PDF(779 KB)
安徽省2020—2024年肺结核报告发病情况
Reported incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Anhui Province from 2020 to 2024
目的 了解并探讨2020—2024 年安徽省肺结核报告发病的流行特征及变化趋势。方法 收集2020—2024年中国疾病预防控制信息系统传染病监测系统中安徽省肺结核报告发病数据,运用Joinpoint回归模型对结核病报告发病率变化趋势进行分析,比较不同时间、地区、年龄、性别和职业的分布特征。结果 2020—2024年安徽省肺结核报告发病率从2020年的41.87/10万降至2024年的33.75/10万,总体下降约19.39%(AAPC = -5.05%,P=0.017)。病原学阳性率从50.41%升至67.39%(AAPC =8.01%,P<0.001)。地区分布显示,皖南报告发病率(41.82/10万)最高,其次是皖中(39.59/10万)和皖北(32.48/10万)。人群分布显示,男性发病率(52.74/10万)显著高于女性(21.24/10万)(χ2=20 514.97,P<0.001),发病患者中男女性别比例为2.58∶1;不同年龄组中,≥65岁老年人群发病率最高(99.65/10万);不同职业中,农、牧、渔民占比最高(占67.56%),其次是家务及待业群体(占12.56%)。结论 安徽省肺结核报告发病率呈下降趋势,但存在明显区域和人群差异。皖南地区是重点防控地区,男性、≥65岁老年人及农、牧、渔民是重点人群。
Objective To understand and explore the epidemiological characteristics and trends of reported incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Anhui Province from 2020 to 2024. Methods The reported incidence data of pulmonary tuberculosis in Anhui Province from 2020 to 2024 were collected from the Infectious Disease Reporting Surveillance System,a subsystem of the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention.The changing trends in tuberculosis reported incidence rates were analyzed by using the Joinpoint regression model.The distribution characteristics across different time periods,regions,age groups,genders,and occupations were compared. Results From 2020 to 2024,the reported incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Anhui Province declined from 41.87/100 000 in 2020 to 33.75/100 000 in 2024,with an overall decrease of approximately 19.39% (AAPC=-5.05%,P= 0.017).The etiological positive rate significantly increased from 50.41% to 67.39% (AAPC= 8.01%,P<0.001).Regional distribution showed the highest reported incidence rate in Southern Anhui (41.82/100 000),followed by Central Anhui (39.59/100 000) and Northern Anhui (32.48/100 000).Demographic analysis demonstrated substantially higher incidence rate in males (52.74/100 000) than in females (21.24/100 000) (χ2=20 514.97,P<0.001),with an average male-to-female ratio of 2.58∶1.Among different age groups,individuals aged ≥65 years had the highest incidence rate (99.65/100 000).Occupational distribution showed that farmers,herdsmen and fishermen accounted for the largest proportion of cases (67.56%),followed by homemakers and unemployed individuals (12.56%). Conclusion The reported incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis in Anhui Province shows a downward trend,but there are obvious regional and population differences.Southern Anhui is the key prevention and control area,and males,the elderly individuals aged≥65 years and farmers,herdsmen,fishermen are high-risk populations requiring targeted interventions.
肺结核 / 发病率 / 流行病学特征 / Joinpoint回归
Pulmonary tuberculosis / Incidence rate / Epidemiological characteristics / Joinpoint regression
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Growing consensus indicates that progress in tuberculosis control in the low- and middle-income world will require not only investment in strengthening tuberculosis control programs, diagnostics, and treatment but also action on the social determinants of tuberculosis. However, practical ideas for action are scarcer than is notional support for this idea. We developed a framework based on the recent World Health Organization Commission on Social Determinants of Health and on current understanding of the social determinants of tuberculosis. Interventions from outside the health sector-specifically, in social protection and urban planning-have the potential to strengthen tuberculosis control.
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