目的 分析淮南市耐药肺结核的流行病学特征和趋势,为优化区域防控策略提供依据。方法 从中国疾病预防控制信息系统结核病信息管理系统提取2018年1月1日至2022年12月31日淮南市登记的全部耐药肺结核病例数据,采用SPSS 19.0进行描述性分析和χ²检验。结果 2018—2022年淮南市累计登记诊疗耐药肺结核患者249例,年平均登记发病率为1.51/10万,登记发病率变化趋势平稳(χ ${ }_{趋势}^{2}$=1.434,P=0.231)。人群分布显示,男女性别比为3.79∶1,男、女年平均登记发病率分别为2.33/10万、0.64/10万,差异有统计学意义(χ²=78.195,P<0.001)。45~64岁年龄组占比最高(占49.00%),各年龄组间占比差异具有统计学意义(χ²=85.320,P<0.001);职业以农民为主,占34.94%(87/249)。地区分布显示,田家庵区(占23.29%)、谢家集区(占19.68%)、寿县(占14.46%)登记病例占比居前3位。耐药类型以耐多药为主(占52.61%,131/249),其次为利福平耐药(占34.14%,85/249);检测方法以表型药物敏感性试验为主,占82.73%(206/249)。结论 淮南市耐药结核病流行呈现以男性为主、45~64岁高发、职业以农民为主、城区聚集的特征,原发耐药比例较高,需重点加强45~64岁男性农民群体的主动筛查。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and trends of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) in Huainan,and to provide evidence for optimizing regional prevention and control strategies. Methods The data of all DR-TB cases registered in Huainan from January 1,2018,to December 31,2022,were extracted from the Tuberculosis Information Management System of the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System.Descriptive analysis and chi-square tests were performed by using SPSS 19.0. Results A total of 249 DR-TB patients were registered and treated in Huainan from 2018 to 2022,and the average annual registered incidence rate was 1.51/100 000.The trend in registered incidence rate remained stable (χ ${ }_{trend}^{2}$=1.434,P=0.231).Population distribution showed that the male-to-female ratio was 3.79∶1,and the average annual registered incidence rate of males (2.33/100 000) was higher than females (0.64/100 000),with statistically significant difference (χ²=78.195,P<0.001).The highest proportion of cases was observed in the 45-64 age group (49.00%),with statistically significant differences among different age groups (χ²=85.320,P<0.001).Farmers constituted the largest occupational group (34.94%,87/249).Regional distribution showed that Tianjia'an District (23.29%),Xiejiaji District (19.68%),and Shou County (14.46%) reported the highest proportions of registered cases.Multidrug resistance was the most common resistance type (52.61%,131/249),followed by rifampicin resistance (34.14%,85/249).Phenotypic drug susceptibility testing was the primary detection method (82.73%,206/249). Conclusion The prevalence of DR-TB in Huainan exhibits characteristics including male dominance,high incidence among those aged 45-64,predominance among farmers,and urban clustering,with a relatively high proportion of primary drug resistance.It is necessary to strengthen the active screening among male farmers aged 45-64.