目的 了解安徽省太和县常住居民的死亡水平、死亡原因及其变化趋势,为针对性地制定疾病防控策略提供科学依据。方法 基于中国疾病预防控制中心死因监测系统,收集太和县2018—2024年全人群死亡数据,采用ICD-10进行死因分类,计算粗死亡率、标化死亡率(以2010年全国人口为标准)及死因顺位,通过年度变化百分比(APC)分析趋势变化。结果 太和县常住居民2018—2024年年均粗死亡率和标化死亡率分别为699.22/10万和485.45/10万,其中标化死亡率呈下降趋势(APC=-3.44%,P=0.003)。男性粗死亡率(774.18/10万)高于女性(623.05/10万)。随年龄组增长各年龄组粗死亡率呈“J” 形。居民前5位死因依次为心脏病(占30.41%)、脑血管疾病(占26.62%)、恶性肿瘤(占21.52%)、伤害(占7.61%)和呼吸系统疾病(占7.16%),合计占总死因的93.32%。脑血管疾病(APC=-3.92%,P=0.044)、恶性肿瘤(APC=-3.83%,P=0.011)和伤害(APC=-4.97%,P=0.006)标化死亡率呈下降趋势。结论 太和县常住居民标化死亡率呈下降趋势,但心脑血管疾病与恶性肿瘤仍是主要疾病负担。

Objective To understand the mortality level,causes of death,and changing trends among the permanent residents in Taihe County of Anhui Province,and to provide scientific basis for targeted disease prevention and control strategies. Methods Based on the causes of death surveillance system of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,the death data of the entire population in Taihe County from 2018 to 2024 were collected.The ICD-10 was used for classification of causes of death.The crude mortality rate,standardized mortality rate (the national population in 2010 used as the standard),and ranking of causes of death were calculated.The annual percentage change (APC) was used to analyze the trend changes. Results The average annual crude mortality rate and standardized mortality rate among permanent residents in Taihe County from 2018 to 2024 were 699.22/100 000 and 485.45/100 000,respectively.The standardized mortality rate showed a decreasing trend (APC=-3.44%,P=0.003).The crude mortality rate of males (774.18/100 000) was higher than that of females (623.05/100 000).The crude mortality rates of each age group exhibited a "J" shape.The top five causes of death among residents were heart diseases (30.41%),cerebrovascular diseases (26.62%),malignant tumors (21.52%),injuries (7.61%),and respiratory diseases (7.16%),accounting for 93.32% of the total deaths.The standardized mortality rates of cerebrovascular diseases (APC=-3.92%,P=0.044),malignant tumors (APC=-3.83%,P=0.011),and injuries (APC=-4.97%,P=0.006) showed decreasing trends. Conclusion The standardized mortality rate among permanent residents in Taihe County shows a downward trend,but cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,and malignant tumors remain the main disease burdens.