安徽省歙县2014—2023年手足口病流行病学及病原学特征分析

方葆华; 汪艳; 吴晖; 汪丽萍; 程鹏

doi:10.19837/j.cnki.ahyf.2025.04.016

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安徽预防医学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (4) : 335-338. DOI: 10.19837/j.cnki.ahyf.2025.04.016

疾病控制

安徽省歙县2014—2023年手足口病流行病学及病原学特征分析

方葆华 ¹ ,
汪艳 ¹ ,
吴晖 ¹ ,
汪丽萍 ¹ ,
程鹏 ²

作者信息 +

Epidemiological and etiological features of hand-foot-mouth disease in Shexian County of Anhui Province from 2014 to 2023

FANG Baohua ¹ ,
WANG Yan ¹ ,
WU Hui ¹ ,
WANG Liping ¹ ,
CHENG Peng ²

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

目的了解安徽省歙县手足口病流行规律及病原学特征,为预防和控制手足口病疫情提供科学依据。方法从中国疾病预防控制信息系统中筛选出2014—2023年现住址为歙县的手足口病病例,描述其时间分布、人群分布、地区分布以及病原学特征,采用SPSS 19.0软件进行统计分析。结果 2014—2023年歙县共报告手足口病7 990例,年均发病率为168.40/10万,十年间发病率呈下降趋势(χ ${\mathrm{ }}_{\mathrm{趋}\mathrm{势}}^{2}$=407.182,P<0.001)。5—9月为流行高峰,共5 457例,占68.30%;男性4 229例,女性3 761例,男女性别比1.1∶1;发病人群以5岁及以下年龄为主,共7 405例,占92.68%;职业分布以散居儿童和幼托儿童为主,分别为5 142例(占64.36%)和2 486例(占31.11%);报告病例数居前5位的乡镇分别是徽城镇(2 882例)、桂林镇(882例)、富堨镇(510例)、王村镇(472例)和郑村镇(466例),合计占全县报告病例数的65.23%(5 212/7 990)。病原学结果显示,肠道病毒核酸阳性率为75.64%(506/669),以其他肠道病毒为主,占75.69%(383/506)。结论 2014—2023年歙县手足口病发病呈下降趋势,5—9月为流行高峰,5岁及以下儿童为发病重点人群。

Abstract

Objective To understand the epidemiological patterns and etiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in Shexian County of Anhui Province,and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of HFMD outbreaks. Methods The cases of HFMD with current address in Shexian County from 2014 to 2023 were screened from the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System.Their temporal distribution,population distribution,regional distribution,and etiological characteristics were described.Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS 19.0 software. Results From 2014 to 2023,a total of 7 990 HFMD cases were reported in Shexian County,with an average annual incidence rate of 168.40/100 000,showed a downward trend (χ ²_trend=407.182,P<0.001).The peak prevalence occurred from May to September,with a total of 5 457 cases,accounting for 68.30%.Among these cases,4 229 cases were male and 3 761 cases were female,with a male-to-female ratio of 1.1∶1.The majority of the cases were in children aged 5 and below,total of 7 405 cases,which accounted for 92.68%.In terms of occupational distribution,scattered children and preschool children were the main groups,with 5 142 cases (64.36%) and 2 486 cases (31.11%),respectively.The top five towns with the highest number of reported cases were Huicheng Town (2 882 cases),Guilin Town (882 cases),Fu'e Town (510 cases),Wangcun Town (472 cases),and Zhengcun Town (466 cases),collectively accounting for 65.23% (5 212/7 990) of the total reported cases in the county.Etiological results showed that the nucleic acid positive rate of enterovirus was 75.64% (506/669),mainly due to other enteroviruses at 75.69% (383/506). Conclusion The incidence of HFMD in Shexian County displays a downward trend.The peak prevalence occurs from May to September,and children aged 5 and below are the main affected group.

导出引用

方葆华, 汪艳, 吴晖, 等. 安徽省歙县2014—2023年手足口病流行病学及病原学特征分析[J]. 安徽预防医学杂志. 2025, 31(4): 335-338 https://doi.org/10.19837/j.cnki.ahyf.2025.04.016

FANG Baohua, WANG Yan, WU Hui, et al. Epidemiological and etiological features of hand-foot-mouth disease in Shexian County of Anhui Province from 2014 to 2023[J]. Anhui Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2025, 31(4): 335-338 https://doi.org/10.19837/j.cnki.ahyf.2025.04.016

中图分类号： R181.8

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Hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease which often occurs in young children. It is caused by enteroviruses, most commonly enterovirus71 (EV71) and Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16). The present study focuses on the molecular epidemiology of the pathogen of HFMD in the Wuhan region of China during the period 2012 to 2013. A total of 463 viruses were isolated from throat swab of 3,208 HFMD patients and analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR with all sets of specific primers for EV71, CVA16, and pan-enterovirus. Of the 463 viruses, 111 (21.2%) were EV71, 52 (9.6%) were CVA16, and 300 (69.2%) were pan-enterovirus. In pan-enterovirus isolations 190 (52.8%) were CVA10, 50 (13.9%) were CVA4, 30 were CB2, 17 were CB3, 13 were CB5 identified by VP4 gene sequencing. Eleven EV71 isolates were complete genome sequenced and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the EV71 strains that circulated in Wuhan belonged to the C4 subgenotype. Among the 190 CVA10 isolations, 187 CVA10 strains have the same nucleotide sequence, the other three CVA10 strains belongs to another type of nucleotide sequence. Phylogenetic analysis based on 19 CVA10 isolations suggested that they belonged to the clade of Chinese strains, but form different clusters isolated from Japan, Europe. This study showed that EVA71 and CVA16 were detected as the predominant viruses (>60%) in 2012 and the total reported HFMD cases attained a peak in June and July. In contrast, CVA10 was also detected during April 2012 and replaced EVA71 and CVA16 as the major HFMD-associated pathogen from May 2013.© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.