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阜阳市颍泉区2022—2024年中小学生筛查性近视情况及影响因素分析
Prevalence and influencing factors of screening myopia among primary and secondary school students in Yingquan District of Fuyang from 2022 to 2024
目的 了解2022—2024年阜阳市颍泉区中小学生筛查性近视情况及其影响因素,为中小学生近视防控工作提供科学依据。方法 采用多阶段整群随机抽样的方法抽取颍泉区2022—2024年中小学生7 096人,对其开展远视力、屈光检查,并对5 259名四年级及以上的学生开展问卷调查,计算筛查性近视检出率,采用二元logistic回归进行多因素分析。结果 2022—2024年阜阳市颍泉区中小学生筛查性近视率分别为60.23%、57.27%、56.50%。从不同学段来看,颍泉区小学、初中、高中学段学生筛查性近视率分别为37.50%、67.79%、88.40%,整体呈现上升趋势(χ
Objective To understand the prevalence and influencing factors of screening myopia among primary and secondary school students in Yingquan District of Fuyang from 2022 to 2024,and to provide scientific basis for myopia prevention and control among primary and secondary school students. Methods A multi-stage cluster random sampling method was used to select 7 096 primary and secondary school students in Yingquan District from 2022 to 2024.Their distance vision acuity and refractive status were examined,and a questionnaire survey was conducted among 5 259 students in grade four and above.The detection rate of screening myopia was calculated,and binary logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis. Results From 2022 to 2024,the detection rates of screening myopia among primary and secondary school students in Yingquan District of Fuyang were 60.23%,57.27%,and 56.50%,respectively.From the perspective of different educational stages,the detection rates of screening myopia in primary school,junior high school,and senior high school students in Yingquan District were 37.50%,67.79%,and 88.40%,respectively,showed an overall upward trend (χ
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The prevalence of myopia in children is increasing worldwide and is viewed as a major public health concern. This increase has driven interest in research into myopia prevention and control in children. Although there is still uncertainty in the risk factors underlying differences in myopia prevalence between ethnic groups, rates in children of East Asian descent are typically higher regardless of where they live. Mounting evidence also suggests that myopia prevalence in children increases with age. Earlier commencement and more rigorous education systems in these countries, resulting in more time spent on near-work activities and less time on outdoor activities, may be responsible for the earlier age of myopia onset. However, to date, the mechanisms regulating myopia onset and progression are still poorly understood. Findings from several studies have shown orthokeratology to be effective in slowing axial elongation and it is a well-accepted treatment, particularly in East Asian regions. While our understanding of this treatment has increased in the last decade, more work is required to answer questions, including: How long should the treatment be continued? Is there a rebound effect? Should the amount of myopia control be increased? To whom and when should the treatment be offered? Practitioners are now faced with the need to carefully guide and advise parents on whether and when to undertake a long somewhat complex intervention, which is costly, both in time and money. In the near future, a greater demand for effective prophylaxis against childhood myopia is envisaged. Other than orthokeratology, atropine therapy has been shown to be effective in slowing myopia progression. While its mechanism of control is also not fully understood, it is likely that it acts via a different mechanism from orthokeratology. Thus, a combined treatment of orthokeratology and atropine may have great potential to maximise the effectiveness of myopia control interventions.© 2018 Optometry Australia.
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