目的 了解仪征市2021—2023年急性呼吸道感染(ARI)病原体流行特征,为ARI的防控提供依据。方法 选取仪征市ARI哨点监测医院2021—2023年采集的监测病例咽拭子标本1 693份,采用实时荧光PCR技术进行病原体检测,计算病原体检出率及其构成比,采用SPSS 26.0进行统计分析。结果 共检测1 693份咽拭子标本,呼吸道病原体阳性551份,阳性检出率为32.55%。其中,单一病原体感染499份,阳性检出率为29.47%;混合病原体感染52份,阳性检出率为3.07%。单一病原体感染中流感病毒阳性检出率最高,为11.10%(188/1 693);混合病原体感染中人鼻病毒+肠道病毒双混合感染检出率最高,为0.77%(13/1 693)。从时间分布上看,2021—2023年病原体阳性检出率分别为12.97%、29.18%和53.67%,差异有统计学意义(χ²=221.541,P<0.001)。从季节分布上看,春季、夏季、秋季和冬季病原体阳性检出率分别为29.48%、32.59%、37.97%、29.35%,差异有统计学意义(χ²=9.598,P=0.022),其中秋季检出率最高。从年龄分布上看,不同年龄组病例病原体阳性检出率差异有统计学意义(χ²=75.109,P<0.001);其中,15~25岁年龄组病原体阳性检出率最高(50.00%),该年龄段中以流感病毒检出率最高,为28.40%(46/162)。从性别分布上看,男性和女性病原体阳性检出率分别为31.49%和33.92%,差异无统计学意义(χ²=1.121,P=0.290)。结论 仪征市ARI病原体以流感病毒为主,冬季高发,15~25岁年龄组青少年是主要感染人群。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of acute respiratory infections (ARI) pathogens in Yizheng City from 2021 to 2023,and provide a basis for prevention and control.Methods A total of 1 693 throat swab samples from ARI sentinel monitoring hospital in Yizheng City from 2021 to 2023 were selected for pathogen detection using real-time fluorescence PCR.The detection rate and composition ratio of pathogens were calculated,and statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 26.0.Results A total of 1 693 throat swab samples were tested,551 were positive for respiratory pathogens,with a positive rate of 32.55%(551/1 693).Among them,499 were infected with a single pathogen,with a positive detection rate of 29.47%,and 52 were infected with mixed pathogens,with a positive detection rate of 3.07%(52/1 693).The highest positive detection rate of influenza virus in single pathogen infection was 11.10% (188/1 693),and the highest detection rate of human rhinovirus+enterovirus dual mixed infection in mixed pathogen infection was 0.77% (13/1 693).From the perspective of time distribution,the positive detection rates of pathogens from 2021 to 2023 were 12.97%,29.18%,53.67%.respectively,with statistically significant differences (χ²=221.541,P<0.001).From the perspective of seasonal distribution,the positive detection rates of pathogens in spring,summer,autumn,and winter were 29.48%,32.59%,37.97%,and 29.35%,respectively,with statistically significant differences (χ²=9.598,P=0.022),with the highest detection rate in autumn (37.97%).From the perspective of age distribution,there was a statistically significant difference in the positive detection rate of pathogens among different age groups (χ²=75.109,P<0.001).The age group of 15-25 had the highest positive detection rate of pathogens (50.00%),and the influenza virus detection rate was the highest in this age group,at 28.40% (46/162).From the perspective of gender distribution,the positive detection rates of pathogens in males and females were 31.49% and 33.92%,respectively,with no statistically significant difference (χ²=1.121,P=0.290).Conclusion The ARI pathogen in Yizheng City is mainly influenza virus,with a high incidence in winter.Adolescents aged 15-25 are the main infected population.