目的 掌握贵阳市乌当区肺结核流行特征,为制定乌当区结核病防控策略提供理论依据。方法 运用描述性流行病学方法对乌当区2018—2023年肺结核流行特征进行分析,采用χ²检验和χ²趋势检验进行统计学分析。结果 2018—2023年乌当区共报告肺结核病例1 133例,年均报告发病率为63.24/10万,整体呈下降趋势($\chi_{\text { 趋势 }}^{2}$=25.031,P<0.001)。1 133例肺结核病例中,病原学阳性640例,占56.49%,呈上升趋势($\chi_{\text { 趋势 }}^{2}$=43.545,P<0.001)。男性肺结核报告发病率为74.97/10万,女性为50.84/10万,男女报告发病率比为1.47∶1,差异有统计学意义(χ²=41.265,P<0.001)。肺结核报告发病率位于前3位的乡镇分别是新光路街道(133.00/10万)、偏坡乡(101.92/10万)和水田镇(81.26/10万)。在所有报告病例中,3—8月报告病例占56.05%(635/1 133),15~65岁报告病例数占74.49%(844/1 133),农民占35.13%(398/1 133)。结论 乌当区肺结核报告发病率总体呈下降趋势,仍需针对结核病高危人群开展健康教育、监测、治疗和病例报告工作。

Objective To grasp the epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis in Wudang District of Guiyang,and to provide a theoretical basis for making tuberculosis prevention and control strategies in Wudang District.Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis in Wudang District of Guiyang from 2018 to 2023.Statistical analysis was carried out by Chi-square test and trend Chi-square test.Results A total of 1 133 tuberculosis cases were reported in Wudang District from 2018 to 2023,with an annual reported incidence rate of 63.24/100 000,showed a downward trend ($\chi_{\text { trend }}^{2}$=25.031,P<0.001).Among 1 133 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis,640 cases were positive in etiology,accounting for 56.49%,showed an upward trend ($\chi_{\text { trend }}^{2}$=43.545,P<0.001).The reported incidence rate of tuberculosis was 74.97/100 000 in males,and that was 50.84/100 000 in females,with a statistically significant difference in the reported incidence rate between males and females of 1.47∶1 (χ²=41.265,P<0.001).The top three townships with the highest reported incidence rate of tuberculosis were Xinguang Road Street (133.00/100 000),Pianpo Township (101.92/100 000) and Shuitian Town (81.26/100 000).Among all reported cases,56.05% of cases (635/1 133) were reported from March to August,74.49% of cases (844/1 133) were reported from 15 to 65 years old,and 35.13% of cases (398/1 133) were reported from farmers.Conclusion The incidence rate of tuberculosis in the annual report of Wudang District is generally on the downward trend.Health education,monitoring,treatment and case reporting for high-risk population of tuberculosis still need to be carried out.