目的 了解2023年贵州省接尘工人肺部健康状况及其影响因素，为贵州省尘肺病防治工作提供科学依据。方法 从中国疾病预防控制信息系统子系统职业病与职业卫生信息监测系统和工作场所职业病危害因素监测系统导出2023年贵州省1634名接尘工人的相关资料，计算胸片异常率、肺功能异常率，采用二元logistic回归分析其影响因素。结果 接尘工人胸片异常率为9.73%（159/1634），肺功能异常率为18.91%（309/1 634），尘肺样改变率为2.51%（41/1 634）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示：年龄、性别、粉尘类型是胸片异常的独立影响因素（P值均<0.05）。35~44岁、45~54岁、≥55岁劳动者胸片异常风险分别是18~34岁劳动者的6.213倍、18.915倍和20.132倍；男性胸片异常风险是女性的3.685倍；接触矽尘和水泥粉尘的劳动者胸片异常风险分别是接触其他粉尘劳动者的4.517倍和4.003倍。粉尘浓度和粉尘类型是肺功能异常的独立影响因素。接触超标浓度粉尘的工人，其肺功能异常风险是接触未超标浓度粉尘者的1.470倍；接触水泥粉尘的接尘工人肺功能异常风险是接触其他粉尘劳动者的2.101倍。结论 年龄、性别、粉尘类型是接尘工人胸片异常的主要影响因素，粉尘浓度和粉尘类型是接尘工人肺功能异常的主要影响因素。应加强对重点行业、重点人群的监督管理，减少尘肺病的发生，保护劳动者健康。

Objective To understand the lung health status and influencing factors of dust-exposed workers in Guizhou Province in 2023, so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis in Guizhou Province. Methods The relevant data of 1 634 dust-exposed workers in Guizhou Province in 2023 were derived from the Occupational Disease and Occupational Health Information Monitoring System and the Workplace Occupational Disease Hazard Factors Monitoring System, which were both subsystems of the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The abnormal rates of chest X-ray and pulmonary function were calculated. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors. Results The abnormal rate of chest X-ray of dust-exposed workers was 9.73% (159/1 634), the abnormal rate of pulmonary function was 18.91% (309/1 634), and the rate of pneumoconiosis-like changes was 2.51% (41/1 634). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, gender, and dust type were independent influencing factors for abnormal chest X-ray (all P<0.05). The risk of abnormal chest X-ray in workers aged 35-44, 45-54, and ≥55 was 6.213 times, 18.915 times, and 20.132 times higher than that of workers aged 18-34, respectively. The risk of abnormal chest X-ray in males was 3.685 times higher than that in females. The risk of abnormal chest X-ray of workers exposed to silica dust and cement dust was 4.517 times and 4.003 times higher than that of workers exposed to other types of dust, respectively. Dust concertration and dust type were independent influencing factors for abnormal pulmonary function. The risk of abnormal pulmonary function among workers exposed to dust with concentrations exceeding the standard was 1.470 times higher than that of workers exposed to dust with concentrations not exceeding the standard. The risk of abnormal pulmonary function of dust-exposed workers exposed to cement dust was 2.101 times higher than that of workers exposed to other types of dust. Conclusion Age, gender, and dust type are the main influencing factors for abnormal chest X-ray in dust-exposed workers. Dust concertration and dust type, are the main influencing factors for abnormal pulmonary function in dust-exposed workers. The supervision and management of key industries and key populations should be strengthened to reduce the incidence of pneumoconiosis and protect the health of workers.