目的 分析2015—2023年福建省南安市水痘流行病学特征，为制定科学的防控策略提供依据。方法 采用描述性流行病学方法对中国疾病预防控制信息系统中2015—2023年南安市水痘病例报告数据进行分析。结果 2015—2023年南安市共报告水痘病例9 989例，年均报告发病率为67.96/10万，总体呈上升趋势（ {\chi }_{趋势 }^2=3 102.630，P<0.001）。时间分布上，水痘发病呈现双峰分布，每年5—7月、10月至次年1月为发病高峰，报告病例分别占20.25%（2 023/9 989）、58.97%（5 891/9 989）；其中12月报告病例最多，占22.34%（2 231/9 989）。地区分布上，仑苍镇、柳城街道和洪濑镇报告病例数居前3位，分别占17.42%（1 740/9 989）、13.08%（1 307/9 989）、12.69%（1 268/9 989）。人群分布方面，报告病例主要集中在0~14岁儿童，占79.90%（7 981/9 989），其中5~9岁组报告发病率最高（316.39/10万）。2014—2022年南安市出生队列的水痘疫苗第1剂次接种率在40.56%~71.65%范围波动，第2剂次接种率为6.71%~11.47%。结论 南安市水痘报告发病率呈上升趋势，呈现双峰分布，年龄以15岁以下儿童为主，职业以学生人群为主，疫苗接种率尤其是第2剂次偏低。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Nan’an of Fujian Province from 2015 to 2023, and to provide scientific basis for developing prevention and control strategies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze varicella case reports from 2015 to 2023 in Nan’an extracted from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Results A total of 9 989 varicella cases were reported in Nan’an from 2015 to 2023, with an average annual incidence rate of 67.96/100 000, showed an overall upward trend (χ {}_{trend}^2=3 102.630, P<0.001). In terms of temporal distribution,varicella incidence showed a bimodal distribution, with the peaks occurring from May to July and from October to January of the following year, accounting for 20.25% (2 023/9 989) and 58.97% (5 891/9 989) of reported cases, respectively. The highest number of cases was reported in December, accounting for 22.34% (2 231/9 989). In terms of geographical distribution, Luncang Town, Liucheng Street, and Honglai Town were the top three in number of reported cases, accounting for 17.42% (1 740/9 989), 13.08% (1 307/9 989), and 12.69% (1 268/9 989), respectively. In terms of population distribution, the reported cases were mainly concentrated in children aged 0 to 14 years, accounting for 79.90% (7 981/9 989), among which the highest incidence rate was observed in the 5 to 9 years old group (316.39/100 000). From 2014 to 2022, the vaccination rate of the first dose of varicella vaccine in the birth cohort of Nan’an fluctuated between 40.56% and 71.65%, and the vaccination rate of the second dose was between 6.71% and 11.47%. Conclusion The reported incidence rate of varicella in Nan’an is on the rise, showing a bimodal distribution. The affected population is mainly children under 15 years old, and the occupation is mainly students. The vaccination rate, especially for the second dose, is low.